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norm

(Encyclopedia) norm, authoritative rule or standard by which something is judged and on that basis approved or disapproved. Examples of norms include standards of right and wrong, beauty and ugliness…

Tung Ch'i-ch'ang

(Encyclopedia) Tung Ch'i-ch'angTung Ch'i-ch'angd&oomacr;ng chē-chäng [key], 1555–1636, leading painter, calligrapher, connoisseur, and critic of the Ming dynasty. A high official in various…

Fechner, Gustav Theodor

(Encyclopedia) Fechner, Gustav TheodorFechner, Gustav Theodorg&oobreve;sˈtäf tāˈōdōr fĕkhˈnər [key], 1801–87, German philosopher and physicist, founder of psychophysics, educated at Dresden and…

Delsarte, François

(Encyclopedia) Delsarte, FrançoisDelsarte, FrançoisfräNswäˈ dĕlsärtˈ [key], 1811–71, French teacher of acting and singing. He studied singing (1825–29) at the Paris Conservatoire and appeared as a…

Taft, Lorado

(Encyclopedia) Taft, LoradoTaft, Loradolərāˈdō [key], 1860–1936, American sculptor, lecturer, and writer on art, b. Elmwood, Ill., studied at the École des Beaux-Arts. In 1886 he became instructor at…

Langer, Susanne Knauth

(Encyclopedia) Langer, Susanne KnauthLanger, Susanne Knauthnouth lăngˈər [key], 1895–1986, American philosopher, b. New York City, grad. Radcliffe (B.A., 1920; Ph.D., 1926). After holding various…

Mendelssohn, Moses

(Encyclopedia) Mendelssohn, MosesMendelssohn, Mosesmĕnˈdəlsən, Ger. mōˈzĕs mĕnˈdəls-zōnˌ [key], 1729–86, German-Jewish philosopher; grandfather of Felix Mendelssohn. He was a leader in the movement…

Shapiro, Karl

(Encyclopedia) Shapiro, Karl, 1913–2000, American poet and critic, b. Baltimore, studied Univ. of Virginia, Johns Hopkins. His interests in the aesthetics and artifice of modern poetry and the role…

Tieck, Ludwig

(Encyclopedia) Tieck, LudwigTieck, Ludwigl&oobreve;tˈvĭtkh tēk [key], 1773–1853, German writer. In his youth he led the transition from Sturm und Drang to romanticism, writing with W. H.…