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Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, duchess of

(Encyclopedia) Marlborough, Sarah Churchill, duchess of, 1660–1744, confidante of Queen Anne of England. Born Sarah Jennings, she was a childhood friend of Princess Anne. In 1677 she married John…

Lea, Henry Charles

(Encyclopedia) Lea, Henry CharlesLea, Henry Charleslē [key], 1825–1909, U.S. historian, b. Philadelphia. He was associated with the family publishing business for many years, but his real interest…

Japarov, Sadyr Nurgozhoevich

(Encyclopedia) Japarov, Sadyr Nurgozhoevich, 1968–, Kyrgyz political leader. Elected to parliament in 2005, he was originally a member of the Ak-Jol party and a supporter of President Bakiyev. When…

Kahn, Albert

(Encyclopedia) Kahn, AlbertKahn, Albertkän [key], 1869–1942, American architect, noted as a designer of factories, b. Germany, immigrated to the United States in 1880. He worked as a draftsman in a…

St. John, Oliver

(Encyclopedia) St. John, OliverSt. John, Oliversĭnˈjən [key], 1598?–1673, English politician. He married (1638) a cousin of Oliver Cromwell. In 1637–38 he was, by his brilliant defense of John…

Sancroft, William

(Encyclopedia) Sancroft, WilliamSancroft, Williamsăngˈkrôft [key], 1617–93, English prelate, archbishop of Canterbury. His opposition to Calvinist doctrine caused him to remain abroad during the…

Ronsard, Pierre de

(Encyclopedia) Ronsard, Pierre deRonsard, Pierre depyĕr də rôNsärˈ [key], 1524–1585, French poet. As page, then squire, Ronsard seemed destined for a career at court both in France and abroad.…

Sinyavsky, Andrey Donatovich

(Encyclopedia) Sinyavsky, Andrey DonatovichSinyavsky, Andrey Donatovichŭndrāˈ dōnätˈəvyĭchˌ sĭnyäfˈskē [key], 1925–97, Russian novelist and essayist. Starting in the 1960s, Sinyavsky, a protege of…

Orrery, Roger Boyle, 1st earl of

(Encyclopedia) Orrery, Roger Boyle, 1st earl of, 1621–79, Irish statesman and writer; son of Richard Boyle, 1st earl of Cork. Created (1627) Baron Broghill, he studied at Trinity College, Dublin,…

Baghdadi, Abu Bakr al-

(Encyclopedia) Baghdadi, Abu Bakr al-, nom de guerre of Awwad Ibrahim Ali al-Badri al-Samarrai, 1971–2019, Iraqi jihadist leader. Following the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, he helped found a Sunni…