Biographies: Notable Philosophers

Updated August 5, 2020 | Infoplease Staff

Notable Philosophers

Abelard, Peter, French philosopher and teacher
Adorno, Theodor Wiesengrund, German philosopher
Alexander of Aphrodisias, Greek Peripatetic philosopher
Anaxagoras, Greek philosopher
Anaximander, Greek philosopher
Anaximenes, Greek philosopher
Anderson, John, Scottish-Australian philosopher
Anselm, Saint, English philosopher and Archbishop
Aristippus, Greek philosopher
Aristotle, Greek philosopher
Augustine, Saint, Latin fathers in the early Christian Church
Austin, John Langshaw, British philosopher
Averroí«s, Spanish-Arab philosopher
Avicenna, Islamic philosopher and physician
Ayer, Sir Alfred Jules, British philosopher
Bachelard, Gaston, French philosopher
Bacon, Francis, English philosopher
Bayle, Pierre, French philosopher
Bentham, Jeremy, English philosopher
Bergson, Henri, French philosopher
Berkeley, George, Anglo-Irish philosopher and clergyman
Black, Max, American analytical philosopher
Bloch, Ernst, German Marxist philosopher
Blondel, Maurice, French Catholic philosopher
Boethius, Roman philosopher
Bosanquet, Bernard, English philosopher
Bradley, Francis Herbert, English philosopher
Brentano, Franz, German philosopher and psychologist
Brown, Norman Oliver, American scholar
Bruno, Giordano, Italian philosopher
Brunschvicg, Léon, French philosopher
Buber, Martin, Jewish philosopher
Buridan, Jean, French scholastic philosopher
Campanella, Tommaso, Italian Renaissance philosopher and writer
Carnap, Rudolf, German-American philosopher
Carneades, Greek philosopher
Carus, Paul, American philosopher
Cassirer, Ernst, German philosopher
Chrysippus, Greek Stoic philosopher
Clarke, Samuel, English philosopher and divine
Cleanthes, Greek philosopher
Cohen, Hermann, German philosopher
Cohen, Morris Raphael, American philosopher
Collingwood, Robin George, English philosopher and historian
Comte, Auguste, French philosopher
Condillac, Étienne Bonnot de, French philosopher
Confucius, Chinese sage
Croce, Benedetto, Italian philosopher
Crusius, Christian August, German philosopher and theologian
Cudworth, Ralph, English theologian and philosopher
Davidson, Donald Herbert, American philosopher
Democritus, Greek philosopher
Derrida, Jacques, French philosopher
Descartes, René, French philosopher
Dessoir, Max, German philosopher
Dewey, John, American philosopher and educator
Diderot, Denis, French encyclopedist, philosopher of materialism
Dilthey, Wilhelm, German philosopher
Diogenes, Greek Cynic philosopher
Diogenes of Apollonia, Greek philosopher
Dionysius the Areopagite, Saint, Athenian Christian
Drobisch, Moritz Wilhelm, German philosopher and mathematician
Duns Scotus, John, scholastic philosopher and theologian
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, American poet and essayist, spokesman of transcendentalism
Empedocles, Greek philosopher
Epictetus, Phrygian Stoic philosopher
Epicurus, Greek philosopher
Erasmus, Dutch humanist
Eucken, Rudolf Christoph, German philosopher
Euclid of Megara, Greek philosopher
Ferguson, Adam, Scottish philosopher and historian
Feuerbach, Ludwig Andreas, German philosopher
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, German philosopher
Ficino, Marsilio, Italian philosopher
Foucault, Michel, French philosopher and historian
Frege, Gottlob, German philosopher and mathematician
Gadamer, Hans-Georg, German philosopher
Gentile, Giovanni, Italian philosopher and educator
Ghazali, al-, Islamic theologian
Gilson, Étienne, French philosopher and historian
Goodman, Nelson, American philosopher
Gorgias, Greek Sophist
Green, Thomas Hill, English idealist philosopher
Hägerstrom, Axel, Swedish philosopher
Hí¸ffding, Harald, Danish philosopher
Habermas, Jurgen, German philosopher
Hamilton, Sir William, Scottish philosopher
Hampshire, Sir Stuart Newton, British philosopher
Hartmann, Eduard von, German philosopher
Hartmann, Nicolai, German philosopher
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, German philosopher
Heidegger, Martin, German philosopher
Helvétius, Claude Adrien, French philosopher
Heraclitus, Greek philosopher
Hobbes, Thomas, English philosopher
Hocking, William Ernest, American idealist philosopher
Holbach, Paul Henri Thiry, baron d', French philosopher
Horkheimer, Max, German philosopher and sociologist
Hui Shih, Chinese logician
Hume, David, Scottish philosopher and historian
Husserl, Edmund, German philosopher
Hutcheson, Francis, British philosopher
Hypatia, Alexandrian Neoplatonic philosopher and mathematician
Iamblichus, Syrian philosopher
Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, German philosopher
James, William, American philosopher
Jaspers, Karl, German philosopher and psychopathologist
Joad, Cyril Edwin Mitchinson, English philosopher
John of Salisbury, English scholastic philosopher
Joubert, Joseph, French moralist
Kant, Immanuel, German metaphysician
Kierkegaard, Sí¸ren Aabye, Danish philosopher and religious thinker
Kindi, al-, Arab philosopher
KoÅakowski, Leszek, Polish philosopher
La Mettrie, Julien Offray de, French physician and philosopher
Lange, Friedrich Albert, German neo-Kantian philosopher
Langer, Susanne Knauth, American philosopher
Lao Tzu, Chinese philosopher
Leibniz or Leibnitz, Gottfried Wilhelm, Baron von, German philosopher and mathematician
Leucippus, Greek philosopher
Lewis, Clarence Irving, American philosopher
Locke, John, English philosopher
Longinus, Greek rhetorician and philosopher
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann, German philosopher and psychologist
Lovejoy, Arthur Oncken, American philosopher and intellectual historian
Lull, Ramón, Catalan philosopher
MacIntyre, Alasdair C., American philosopher
Maimon, Salomon, German philosopher
Maimonides, Jewish scholar, physician, and philosopher
Maine de Biran, French philosopher
Malebranche, Nicolas, French philosopher
Marcel, Gabriel, French philosopher
Maritain, Jacques, French Neo-Thomist philosopher
Martineau, James, English philosopher and Unitarian clergyman
McCosh, James, Scottish-American philosopher and educator
McTaggart, John McTaggart Ellis, British philosopher
Mead, George Herbert, American philosopher and psychologist
Mendelssohn, Moses, German-Jewish philosopher
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, French philosopher
Mill, James, British philosopher, economist, and historian
Mill, John Stuart, British philosopher and economist
Millar, John, Scottish philosopher and historian
Montesquieu, Charles Louis de Secondat, baron de la Brí¨de et de, French jurist and political philosopher
Moore, George, English author
Moore, George Edward, English philosopher
More, Henry, English philosopher
Mo-Tzu, Chinese philosopher
Nagel, Ernest, American philosopher
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm, German philosopher
Nozick, Robert, American political philosopher
Origen, Christian philosopher and scholar
Ortega y Gasset, José, Spanish essayist and philosopher
Parmenides, Greek philosopher
Peirce, Charles Sanders, American philosopher and polymath
Perry, Ralph Barton, American realist philosopher
Philo, Alexandrian Jewish philosopher
Philostratus, Greek Sophist
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, Conte, Italian philosopher and humanist
Plato, Greek philosopher
Plotinus, Neoplatonist philosopher
Popper, Sir Karl Raimund, Anglo-Austrian philosopher
Popper-Lynkeus, Josef, Austrian philosopher
Porphyry, Greek scholar and Neoplatonic philosopher
Proclus, Neoplatonic philosopher
Protagoras, Greek philosopher
Pyrrho, Greek philosopher
Pythagoras, pre-Socratic Greek philosopher
Quine, W. V., American philosopher and mathematical logician
Ramus, Petrus, French humanist and philosopher
Rawls, John Bordley, American philosopher and political theorist
Reid, Thomas, Scottish philosopher
Rorty, Richard, American philosopher
Rosenzweig, Franz, German-Jewish philosopher
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, Swiss-French philosopher
Royce, Josiah, American philosopher
Russell, Bertrand Arthur William, British philosopher
Ryle, Gilbert, British philosopher
Santayana, George, American philosopher and poet
Scheler, Max, German philosopher
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, German philosopher
Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott, British philosopher
Schlick, Moritz, German philosopher
Schopenhauer, Arthur, German philosopher
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 3d earl of, English philosopher
Sidgwick, Henry, English philosopher
Socrates, Greek philosopher of Athens
Spencer, Herbert, English philosopher
Speusippus, Greek philosopher
Spinoza, Baruch or Benedict, Dutch philosopher
Stewart, Dugald, Scottish philosopher
Stirling, James Hutchison, Scottish philosopher
Strauss, Leo, American philosopher
Strawson, Peter Frederick, British philosopher
Tarski, Alfred, Polish-American mathematician and philosopher
Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre, French paleontologist and philosopher
Thales, pre-Socratic Greek philosopher
Theophrastus, Greek philosopher
Thomas Aquinas, Saint, Italian philosopher and theologian
Unamuno, Miguel de, Spanish philosophical writer
Vaihinger, Hans, German philosopher
Vico, Giovanni Battista, Italian philosopher and historian
Walzer, Michael, American political philosopher
Weil, Simone, French philosopher and mystic
William of Occam or Ockham, English scholastic philosopher
Williams, Sir Bernard, English philosopher
Wittgenstein, Ludwig Josef Johann, Austrian philosopher
Wolff or Wolf, Christian von, German philosopher
Xenocrates, Greek philosopher
Xenophanes, pre-Socratic Greek philosopher
Zeno of Elea, Greek philosopher