Brewer's: Proselytes

(3 syl.) among Jèwish writers were of two kinds- viz. “The proselyte of righteousness” and the “stranger of the gate.” The former submitted to circumcision and conformed to the laws of Moses. The latter abstained from offering sacrifice to heathen gods, and from working on the Sabbath. “The stranger that is within thy gate” = the stranger of the gate.

“I must confess that his society was at first irksome; but ... I now have hope that he may become a stranger of the gate.” —Eldad the Pilgrim, ch. iii.

Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894
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