Lillian Gilbreth

Name at birth: Lillian Evelyn Moller

Lillian Gilbreth was an engineer, psychologist and inventor who helped revolutionize the workplace and the home kitchen. She was most notably an "efficiency expert" whose life with her family was depicted in the book and film Cheaper By The Dozen. Lillian Gilbreth graduated in 1900 from the University of California in Berkeley, and two years later earned her graduate degree. Although her degrees were in literature, she married an engineer, Frank Gilbreth, in 1904, and joined him in his research into industrial processes and how to make labor tasks more efficient. Lillian earned a doctorate in psychology eventually and gave birth to six boys and six girls, all the while working with Frank as an efficiency consultant. Two years after the birth of their last child, Frank died of a heart attack at the age of 55. Lillian continued with her work with Gilbreth, Inc., at first working out of her home in a "lab," studying the work habits of industrial workers and housewives. She also had a professorship at Purdue University from 1935 to 1948. During her career she was granted several patents, including for a trash can that can be opened with a foot pedal and inside shelves for refrigerator doors. Lillian Gilbreth was also instrumental in helping to determine the best height for sinks and kitchen appliances. She is considered a pioneer in the field of industrial psychology, and one of the first to research the mental effects of tasks for laborers and office workers. In 1966, Lillian Gilbreth became the first woman elected to the National Academy of Engineering.