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 United KingdomEngland's Empire Grows While the American Colonies RevoltQueen Anne's reign (1702–1714) was marked by the Duke of
Marlborough's victories over France at Blenheim, Oudenarde, and Malplaquet
in the War of the Spanish Succession. England and Scotland meanwhile were
joined by the Act of Union (1707). Upon the death of Anne, the distant
claims of the elector of Hanover were recognized, and he became king of
Great Britain and Ireland as George I. The unwillingness of the Hanoverian
kings to rule resulted in the formation by the royal ministers of a
cabinet, headed by a prime minister, which directed all public business.
Abroad, the constant wars with France expanded the British Empire all over
the globe, particularly in North America and India. This imperial growth
was checked by the revolt of the American colonies (1775–1781).
Struggles with France broke out again in 1793 and during the Napoleonic
Wars, which ended at Waterloo in 1815.
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