Finding commensurate values of squares, cubes, triangles etc.
or the sum of a given number of squares which is itself a square; or a
certain number of squares etc. which are in arithmetical progression.
The following examples will give some idea of the theory:
1. To find two whole numbers, the sum of whose squares is a
square;
2. To find three square numbers which are in arithmetical
progression;
3. To find a number from which two given squares being severally
subtracted, each of the remainders is a square.
Diophantus was an Alexandrian Greek (5th cent. A.D.)
More on Diophantine Analysis from Infoplease:
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