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History and Government—Congressional Biographies—Maine / USJames Gillespie BLAINE
(1830-1893)
Senate Years of Service:
1876-1881Party: RepublicanBLAINE, James Gillespie, a
Representative and a Senator from Maine; born in West Brownsville,
Washington County, Pa., January 31, 1830; graduated from Washington
College, Washington, Pa., in 1847; taught at the Western Military
Institute, Blue Lick Springs, Ky.; returned to Pennsylvania;
studied law; taught at the Pennsylvania Institution for the Blind
in Philadelphia 1852-1854; moved in 1854 to Maine, where he edited
the Portland Advertiser and the Kennebec Journal; member, State
house of representatives 1859-1862, serving the last two years as
speaker; elected as a Republican to the Thirty-eighth and to the
six succeeding Congresses and served from March 4, 1863, to July
10, 1876, when he resigned; Speaker of the House of Representatives
(Forty-first through Forty-third Congresses); chairman, Committee
on Rules (Forty-third through Forty-fifth Congresses); unsuccessful
candidate for nomination for President on the Republican ticket in
1876 and 1880; appointed and subsequently elected as a Republican
to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the
resignation of Lot M. Morrill; reelected and served from July 10,
1876, to March 5, 1881, when he resigned to become Secretary of
State; chairman, Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment
(Forty-fifth Congress), Committee on Rules (Forty-fifth Congress);
Secretary of State in the Cabinets of Presidents James Garfield and
Chester Arthur, from March 5 to December 12, 1881; unsuccessful
Republican candidate for President of the United States in 1884;
Secretary of State in the Cabinet of President Benjamin Harrison
1889-1892, when he resigned; aided in organizing and was the first
president of the Pan American Congress; died in Washington, D.C.,
January 27, 1893; interment in Oak Hill Cemetery; reinterment at
the request of the State of Maine in the Blaine Memorial Park,
Augusta, Maine, in June 1920.
Bibliography
Dictionary of American Biography; Blaine, James G. Twenty
Years of Congress: From Lincoln to Garfield. 2 vols. Norwich,
Conn.: Henry Bill Publishing Co. 1884-1886; Healy, David. James
G. Blaine and Latin America. Columbia: University of Missouri
Press, 2001.
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present
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