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History and Government—Congressional Biographies—Massachusetts / USJohn Quincy ADAMS
(1767-1848)
Senate Years of Service:
1803-1808Party: FederalistADAMS, John Quincy, (son
of John Adams, father of Charles Francis Adams, brother-in-law of
William Stephens Smith), a Senator and a Representative from
Massachusetts and 6th President of the United States; born in
Braintree, Mass., July 11, 1767; acquired his early education in
Europe at the University of Leyden; was graduated from Harvard
University in 1787; studied law; was admitted to the bar and
commenced practice in Boston, Mass.; appointed Minister to
Netherlands 1794, Minister to Portugal 1796, Minister to Prussia
1797, and served until 1801; commissioned to make a commercial
treaty with Sweden in 1798; elected to the Massachusetts State
senate in 1802; unsuccessful candidate for election to the U.S.
House of Representatives in 1802; elected as a Federalist to the
United States Senate and served from March 4, 1803, until June 8,
1808, when he resigned, a successor having been elected six months
early after Adams broke with the Federalist party; Minister to
Russia 1809-1814; member of the commission which negotiated the
Treaty of Ghent in 1814; Minister to England 1815-1817, assisted in
concluding the convention of commerce with Great Britain; Secretary
of State in the Cabinet of President James Monroe 1817-1825;
decision in the 1824 election of the President of the United States
fell, according to the Constitution of the United States, upon the
House of Representatives, as none of the candidates had secured a
majority of the electors chosen by the states, and Adams, who stood
second to Andrew Jackson in the electoral vote, was chosen and
served from March 4, 1825, to March 3, 1829; elected as a
Republican to the U.S. House of Representatives for the
Twenty-second and to the eight succeeding Congresses, becoming a
Whig in 1834; served from March 4, 1831, until his death; chairman,
Committee on Manufactures (Twenty-second through Twenty-sixth, and
Twenty-eighth and Twenty-ninth Congresses), Committee on Indian
Affairs (Twenty-seventh Congress), Committee on Foreign Affairs
(Twenty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful candidate for Governor of
Massachusetts in 1834; died in the U.S. Capitol Building,
Washington, D.C., February 23, 1848; interment in the family burial
ground at Quincy, Mass.; subsequently reinterred in United First
Parish Church.
Bibliography
American National Biography; Dictionary of American
Biography; Adams, John Quincy. The Diary of John Quincy
Adams. Edited by David Grayson Allen, Robert J. Taylor, et al.
2 vols. to date. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1981-;
Nagel, Paul C. John Quincy Adams: A Public Life, A Private
Life. New York: Knopf, 1997; Remini, Robert. John Quincy
Adams. New York: Times Books, 2002.
Source: Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1771-Present
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