- 1963The Red PhoneA hot line between the Kremlin and the White House went into operation to reduce the chances of an accidental war.
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1862
The Second Battle of Bull Run took place during the Civil War.
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1905
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1941
The two-year siege of Leningrad during World War II began.
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1967
Thurgood Marshall was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to become the first African American Supreme Court justice.
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1999
East Timor residents voted to secede from Indonesia.
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