Notable Scientists: Life Sciences

Updated August 5, 2020 | Infoplease Staff

Biologists, botanists, geneticists, medical scientists, microbiologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and zoologists

Biologists

• Altman, Sidney
• Baer, Karl Ernst von
• Bartram, William
• Bekesy, Georg von
• Berg, Paul
• Bergström, Sune Karl
• Bishop, John Michael
• Bloch, Konrad E.
• Blumberg, Baruch Samuel
• Carrel, Alexis
• Chain, Ernst Boris
• Cohen, Stanley
• Cori, Carl Ferdinand
• Dam, Henrik
• Darwin, Charles Robert
• Daubenton, Louis Jean Marie
• Doisy, Edward Adelbert
• Dorset, Marion
• du Vigneaud, Vincent
• Dulbecco, Renato
• Franklin, Rosalind
• Fischer, Edmond H.
• Funk, Casimir
• Gesner, Konrad von
• Haeckel, Ernst Heinrich
• Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson
• Harrison, Ross Granville
• Hecht, Selig
• Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland
• Huber, Robert
• Humboldt, Alexander, Freiherr von
• Huxley, Thomas Henry
• Jacob, François
• Kendall, Edward Calvin
• Kircher, Athanasius
• Klug, Sir Aaron
• Kornberg, Arthur
• Krebs, Edwin
• Krebs, Sir Hans Adolf
• Lamarck, Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de
• Linnaeus, Carolus
• Lipmann, Fritz Albert
• Lynen, Feodor
• Manson, Patrick
• Martin, Archer John Porter
• Mendel, Gregor Johann
• Metchnikoff, Élie
• Monod, Jacques
• Ochoa, Severo
• Pallas, Peter Simon
• Ray, John
• Sanger, Frederick
• Schultze, Max Johann Sigismund
• Smith, Hamilton Othanel
• Sörensen, Sören Peter Lauritz
• Spallanzani, Lazzaro
• Sperry, Roger Wolcott
• Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert von
• Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor
• Tiselius, Arne
• Vane, John Robert
• Vishniac, Roman
• Wallace, Alfred Russel
• Watson, James Dewey
• Weismann, August
• Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick
• Wilson, Edward Osborne
• Wolff, Caspar Friedrich

Botanists

• Bailey, Liberty Hyde
• Banks, Sir Joseph
• Bartram, John
• Bauhin, Gaspard
• Bentham, George
• Blakeslee, Albert Francis
• Bolley, Henry Luke
• Bose, Sir Jagadis Chandra
• Britton, Nathaniel Lord
• Brongniart, Adolphe Théodore
• Brown, Robert
• Burbank, Luther
• Caesalpinus, Andreas
• Camerarius, Rudolph Jacob
• Clements, Frederic Edward
• Cohn, Ferdinand
• De Bary, Heinrich Anton
• de Candolle, Augustin Pyrame
• De Vries, Hugo
• Douglas, David
• East, Edward Murray
• Eichler, August Wilhelm
• Engelmann, George
• Engler, Adolf
• Fairchild, David Grandison
• Fortune, Robert
• Fries, Elias Magnus
• Gleason, Henry Allan
• Gray, Asa
• Harvey, William Henry
• Hofmeister, Wilhelm
• Hooker, Sir William Jackson
• Kölreuter, Joseph Gottlieb
• Lindley, John
• Linnaeus, Carolus
• Michaux, André
• Mohl, Hugo von
• Nägeli, Karl Wilhelm von
• Pringsheim, Nathanael
• Sachs, Julius von
• Schimper, Karl Friedric
• Schleiden, Matthias Jakob
• Sprengel, Christian Konrad
• Stopes, Marie Carmichael
• Torrey, John
• Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich
• Warming, Johannes Eugenius Bülow

Geneticists

• Beadle, George Wells
• Berg, Paul
• Bridges, Calvin Blackman
• Brown, Michael Stuart
• Dobzhansky, Theodosius
• Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer
• Galton, Sir Francis
• Gilbert, Walter
• Goldschmidt, Richard Benedikt
• Goldstein, Joseph Leonard
• Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson
• Lederberg, Joshua
• McClintock, Barbara
• Mendel, Gregor Johann
• Morgan, Thomas Hunt
• Muller, Hermann Joseph
• Nathans, Daniel
• Pearson, Karl
• Smith, Hamilton Othanel
• Tatum, Edward Lawrie
• Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich
• Watson, James Dewey
• Weismann, August
• Wilkins, Maurice Hugh Frederick

Medical Scientists

• Abano, Pietro d'
• Abbe, Robert
• Abel, John Jacob
• Addison, Thomas
• Agricola, Georgius
• Anderson, Elizabeth Garrett
• Barany, Robert
• Beaumont, William
• Behring, Emil Adolph von
• Bekesy, Georg von
• Bell, Sir Charles
• Benacerraf, Baruj
• Billings, John Shaw
• Black, Greene Vardiman
• Blackwell, Elizabeth
• Bloch, Konrad E.
• Boerhaave, Hermann
• Bordet, Jules
• Bovet, Daniele
• Boylston, Zabdiel
• Braid, James
• Bretonneau, Pierre
• Breuer, Josef
• Bright, Richard
• Burnet, Sir Macfarlane
• Calmette, Léon Charles Albert
• Camerarius, Rudolph Jacob
• Carrel, Alexis
• Charcot, Jean Martin
• Cohnheim, Julius
• Cori, Carl Ferdinand
• Cournand, André Frederic
• Crick, Francis Harry Compton
• Crile, George Washington
• Cushing, Harvey Williams
• Dale, Sir Henry Hallett
• Dam, Henrik
• Dandy, Walter Edward
• Darwin, Erasmus
• Dausset, Jean
• De Bakey, Michael Ellis
• Dirac, Paul Adrien Maurice
• Doisy, Edward Adelbert
• Domagk, Gerhard
• du Vigneaud, Vincent
• Dubos, René Jules
• Dulbecco, Renato
• Eccles, Sir John Carew
• Ehrlich, Paul
• Eijkman, Christiaan
• Elion, Gertrude Belle
• Enders, John Franklin
• Erasistratus
• Erlanger, Joseph
• Fauchard, Pierre
• Faust
• Fibiger, Johannes
• Finsen, Niels Ryberg
• Fleming, Sir Alexander
• Flexner, Simon
• Florey, Howard Walter
• Forssmann, Werner
• Funk, Casimir
• Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton
• Galvani, Luigi
• Garretson, James Edmund
• Geoffroy, Étienne François
• Gilbert, William
• Golgi, Camillo
• Gorgas, William Crawford
• Gross, Samuel David
• Gullstrand, Allvar
• Hahnemann, Samuel
• Haldane, John Scott
• Hall, Marshall
• Haller, Albrecht von
• Halsted, William Stewart
• Hamilton, Alice
• Harvey, William
• Heister, Lorenz
• Hench, Philip Showalter
• Hippocrates
• Hitchings, George Herbert
• Hoffmann, Friedrich
• Hopkins, Sir Frederick Gowland
• Horsley, Sir Victor Alexander Haden
• Hubel, David Hunter
• Hunter, William
• Huxley, Andrew Fielding
• Jabir
• Jacob, François
• Jacobi, Abraham
• Janet, Pierre
• Jenner, Edward
• Kane, Elisha Kent
• Kantrowitz, Adrian
• Kendall, Edward Calvin
• Kenny, Elizabeth
• Kitasato, Shibasaburo
• Koch, Robert
• Kocher, Emil Theodor
• Köhler, Georges Jean Franz
• Kornberg, Arthur
• Krebs, Sir Hans Adolf
• Krogh, Schack August Steenberg
• Ladd-Franklin, Christine
• Laënnec, René Théophile Hyacinthe
• Landsteiner, Karl
• Laveran, Charles Louis Alphonse
• Leeuwenhoek, Antony van
• Leidy, Joseph
• Lind, James
• Lipmann, Fritz Albert
• Lister, Joseph Lister, 1st Baron
• Löffler, Friedrich
• Lwoff, André
• Lynen, Feodor
• MacEwen, Sir William
• Manson, Patrick
• Masters and Johnson
• Mayo, Charles Horace
• McDowell, Ephraim
• Medawar, Sir Peter Brian
• Mesmer, Friedrich Anton
• Metchnikoff, Élie
• Milstein, César
• Minot, George Richards
• Mitchell, Silas Weir
• Monod, Jacques
• Morton, Rosalie Slaughter
• Morton, William Thomas Green
• Murphy, William Parry
• Murray, Joseph E.
• Nicolle, Charles Jules Henri
• Nightingale, Florence
• Noguchi, Hideyo
• Nuttall, George Henry Falkiner
• Ochoa, Severo
• Osler, Sir William
• Paget, Sir James
• Palmer, Daniel David
• Paré, Ambroise
• Pettenkofer, Max von
• Pinel, Philippe
• Pirogov, Nikolai Ivanovich
• Pott, Percivall
• Prince, Morton
• Prout, William
• Ramazzini, Bernardino
• Ramón y Cajal, Santiago
• Reichstein, Tadeus
• Rhazes
• Richards, Dickinson Woodruff, Jr.
• Robbins, Frederick Chapman
• Rokitansky, Karl
• Ross, Sir Ronald
• Rous, Francis Peyton
• Rush, Benjamin
• Sabin, Albert Bruce
• Salk, Jonas Edward
• Schweitzer, Albert
• Semmelweis, Ignaz Philipp
• Servetus, Michael
• Shippen, William, Jr.
• Sims, James Marion
• Snell, George Davis
• Soranus
• Spock, Benjamin McLane
• Stopes, Marie Carmichael
• Sydenham, Thomas
• Szent-Gyorgyi, Albert von
• Theorell, Axel Hugo Teodor
• Thomas, Edward Donnall
• Thompson, Guy Lawrence
• Trudeau, Edward Livingston
• Varmus, Harold Eliot
• Virchow, Rudolf
• Wagner-Jauregg, Julius
• Waksman, Selman Abraham
• Walker, Mary Edwards
• Wassermann, August von
• Weller, Thomas Huckle
• Whipple, George Hoyt
• Williams, Daniel Hale
• Williams, Roger John
• Willis, Thomas
• Winnicott, Donald
• Wistar, Caspar
• Yalow, Rosalyn Sussman
• Yersin, Alexandre Émile Jean
• Young, Thomas
• Zinsser, Hans

Microbiologists

• Arber, Werner
• Baltimore, David
• Cech, Thomas Robert
• Dubos, René Jules
• Ehrlich, Paul
• Enders, John Franklin
• Fleming, Sir Alexander
• Gajdusek, Daniel Carleton
• Gilbert, Walter
• Koch, Robert
• Löffler, Friedrich
• Lwoff, André
• Nathans, Daniel
• Noguchi, Hideyo
• Temin, Howard Martin
• Tonegawa, Susumu
• Varmus, Harold Eliot
• Waksman, Selman Abraham
• Weller, Thomas Huckle
• Yersin, Alexandre Émile Jean
• Zinsser, Hans

Psychiatrists and Psychologists

• Adler, Alfred
• Allport, Gordon W.
• Baldwin, James Mark
• Beers, Clifford Whittingham
• Bettelheim, Bruno
• Binet, Alfred
• Bleuler, Eugen
• Boring, Edwin Garrigues
• Braid, James
• Breuer, Josef
• Brill, Abraham Arden
• Burt, Cyril Lodowic
• Coué, Émile
• Erikson, Erik
• Fanon, Frantz Omar
• Fechner, Gustav Theodor
• Freud, Sigmund
• Hall, Granville Stanley
• Horney, Karen
• Janet, Pierre
• Jones, Ernest
• Judd, Charles Hubbard
• Jung, Carl Gustav
• Klein, Melanie
• Koffka, Kurt
• Köhler, Wolfgang
• Kraepelin, Emil
• Krafft-Ebing, Richard von
• Kretschmer, Ernest
• Lacan, Jacques
• Laing, R. D.
• Lewin, Kurt
• Luria, Alexander Romanovich
• Maslow, Abraham H.
• Masters and Johnson
• May, Rollo
• McDougall, William, American psychologist
• Menninger, Karl Augustus
• Meyer, Adolf
• Morgan, Conwy Lloyd
• Münsterberg, Hugo
• Murray, Henry A.
• Piaget, Jean
• Pinel, Philippe
• Prince, Morton
• Quimby, Phineas Parkhurst
• Rank, Otto
• Reik, Theodor
• Rogers, Carl
• Skinner, Burrhus Frederic
• Sullivan, Harry Stack
• Terman, Lewis Madison
• Titchener, Edward Bradford
• Tolman, Edward Chace
• Vygotsky, Lev Semyonovich
• Watson, John Broadus
• Wertheimer, Max
• Winnicott, Donald
• Yerkes, Robert Mearns

Zoologists

• Agassiz, Louis
• Audubon, John James
• Baird, Spencer Fullerton
• Bates, Henry Walter
• Beebe, Charles William
• Bütschli, Otto
• Conklin, Edwin Grant
• Dean, Bashford
• Eigenmann, Carl H.
• Fabre, Jean Henri
• Fabricius, Johan Christian
• Forster, Johann Reinhold
• Frisch, Karl von
• Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Étienne
• Goldschmidt, Richard Benedikt
• Goodall, Jane
• Howard, Leland Ossian
• Hyatt, Alpheus
• Jennings, Herbert Spencer
• Jordan, David Starr
• Kellogg, Vernon Lyman
• Lacépède, Bernard Germain Étienne de la Ville, comte de
• Lankester, Sir Edwin Ray
• Leuckart, Karl Georg Friedrich Rudolf
• Lillie, Frank Rattray
• Lorenz, Konrad
• Medawar, Sir Peter Brian
• Milne-Edwards, Henri
• Morgan, Thomas Hunt
• Muybridge, Eadweard
• Newton, Alfred
• Owen, Sir Richard
• Peterson, Roger Tory
• Redi, Francesco
• Say, Thomas
• Scudder, Samuel Hubbard
• Simpson, George Gaylord
• Spemann, Hans
• Swammerdam, Jan
• Thomson, Sir Charles Wyville
• Thomson, Sir John Arthur
• Tinbergen, Nikolaas
• Whitman, Charles Otis
• Willughby, Francis
• Wilson, Edmund Beecher