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Heidegger, Martin

(Encyclopedia) Heidegger, MartinHeidegger, Martinmärˈtēn hīˈdĕger [key], 1889–1976, German philosopher. As a student at Freiburg, Heidegger was influenced by the neo-Kantianism of Heinrich Rickert…

Martin Heidegger

German Martin Heidegger made his mark on western philosophy with the 1927 publication of Being and Time. Within that tradition, he’s sometimes said to be the most influential philosopher of the 20th…

Arendt, Hannah

(Encyclopedia) Arendt, HannahArendt, Hannahhänˈä ärˈənt [key], 1906–75, German-American political theorist, b. Hanover, Germany, B.A. Königsberg, 1924, Ph.D. Heidelberg, 1928. In 1925 she met Martin…

existentialism

(Encyclopedia) existentialismexistentialismĕgzĭstĕnˈshəlĭzəm, ĕksĭ– [key], any of several philosophic systems, all centered on the individual and his relationship to the universe or to God. Important…

pessimism

(Encyclopedia) pessimism, philosophical opinion or doctrine that evil predominates over good; the opposite of optimism. Systematic forms of pessimism may be found in philosophy and religion. In…

Bultmann, Rudolf Karl

(Encyclopedia) Bultmann, Rudolf KarlBultmann, Rudolf Karlb&oobreve;ltˈmän [key], 1884–1976, German existentialist theologian, educated at the universities of Tübingen, Berlin, and Marburg. He…

Gadamer, Hans-Georg

(Encyclopedia) Gadamer, Hans-GeorgGadamer, Hans-Georghänsˈ gāˈôrk găˈdəmər [key], 1900–2002, German philosopher, b. Marburg. He taught at Kiel (1934–37), Marburg (1937–39), Leipzig (1939–74), and…

Hannah Arendt

Hannah Arendt was a German-Jewish writer and teacher whose 1951 book, The Origins of Totalitarianism, made her internationally famous. It was the first popular critical analysis of political…

Michel Foucault

Name at birth: Paul-Michel FoucaultFrench philosopher Michel Foucault came to prominence in the 1960s as a provocative voice whose academic studies of power and institutions included Madness and…

Jacques Derrida

Writer Jacques Derrida was an Algerian-born French thinker whose "deconstructionist" arguments and radical positions made him a celebrity-philosopher in the 1960s and '70s. Derrida grew up outside…