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Constantine Nikolayevich

(Encyclopedia) Constantine NikolayevichConstantine Nikolayevichkənˌstəntyēnˈ nēkôläyāˈvĭch [key], 1827–92, grand duke of Russia; brother of Czar Alexander II. Constantine supported all the reforms…

Alcaeus

(Encyclopedia) AlcaeusAlcaeusălsēˈəs [key], c.620–c.580 b.c., Greek lyric poet of Lesbos. An aristocrat, he was often embroiled in political battles with the ruling tyrants. He wrote drinking songs,…

Constantinople

(Encyclopedia) ConstantinopleConstantinoplekŏnˌstănˌtĭnōˈpəl [key], former capital of the Byzantine Empire and of the Ottoman Empire, since 1930 officially called İstanbul (for location and…

Constantinople, First Council of

(Encyclopedia) Constantinople, First Council of, 381, second ecumenical council. It was convened by Theodosius I, then emperor of the East and a recent convert, to confirm the victory over Arianism.…

Constantinople, Second Council of

(Encyclopedia) Constantinople, Second Council of, 553, regarded generally as the fifth ecumenical council. It was convened by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I to settle the dispute known as the Three…

Constantinople, Third Council of

(Encyclopedia) Constantinople, Third Council of, 680, regarded by Roman Catholic and Orthodox Eastern churches as the sixth ecumenical council. It was convoked by Byzantine Emperor Constantine IV to…

Constantinople, Fourth Council of

(Encyclopedia) Constantinople, Fourth Council of, 869–70, regarded as the eighth ecumenical council by the modern Roman Catholic Church. It has never been accepted by the Orthodox Church, which…

Constantinople, Latin Empire of

(Encyclopedia) Constantinople, Latin Empire of, 1204–61, feudal empire established in the S Balkan Peninsula and the Greek archipelago by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade (see Crusades) after they…

Constantinus Africanus

(Encyclopedia) Constantinus AfricanusConstantinus Africanuskŏnˌstəntīˈnəs ăfrĭkāˈnəs [key], c.1010–1087, medical translator and Benedictine monk. The life of Constantinus before his arrival at…