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Open University

(Encyclopedia) Open University, headquartered at Milton Keynes, England; founded 1969 as the Univ. of the Air. In 1971 a distance learning program was begun that now consists of correspondence…

Vedanta Societies

(Encyclopedia) Vedanta Societies, first and most influential Hindu organization in the West, founded by Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902), a disciple of Indian mystic Ramakrishna (1836–86). Vivekananda…

Butterfield, John

(Encyclopedia) Butterfield, John, 1801–69, American stagecoach proprietor and expressman, b. near Albany, N.Y. Beginning as a stage driver out of Albany, he rose to ownership of a large network of…

cellular telephone

(Encyclopedia) cellular telephone or cellular radio, telecommunications system in which a portable or mobile radio transmitter and receiver, or “cellphone,” is linked via microwave radio frequencies…

Entertainment News from March 2001

1A strike by the Writers Guild of America looks imminent. Talks between the Writers Guild of America and the television and film industry break down. The sticking point is residuals writers…

Camorra

(Encyclopedia) CamorraCamorrakəmôrˈə [key], Italian secret criminal association in Naples. Of controversial origin, it first came to light in 1830. Its activities spread by intimidation, blackmail,…

Winfrey, Oprah

(Encyclopedia) Winfrey, Oprah, 1954–, African-American television host, actress, and media magnate, b. Kosciusko, Miss., as Orpah Gail Winfrey, grad. Tennessee State Univ. (1976). She began her…

Jerne, Niels Kai

(Encyclopedia) Jerne, Niels KaiJerne, Niels Kainēls kī yĕrˈnə [key], 1911–94, British-Danish immunologist, b. London. He worked at the Danish State Serum Institute (1945–55) and was chief medical…

Cole, Nat “King”

(Encyclopedia) Cole, Nat “King,” 1919–65, American musician and composer, b. Montgomery, Ala., as Nathaniel Adams Coles. A jazz pianist, he played Los Angeles nightclubs and in 1938 formed the King…

Ubico, Jorge

(Encyclopedia) Ubico, JorgeUbico, Jorgehôrˈhā &oomacr;bēˈkō [key], 1878–1946, president of Guatemala (1931–44). An army general, Ubico as president established financial stability and political…