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statistical mechanics

(Encyclopedia) statistical mechanics, quantitative study of systems consisting of a large number of interacting elements, such as the atoms or molecules of a solid, liquid, or gas, or the individual…

Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer

(Encyclopedia) Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer, 1890–1962, English statistician and geneticist, b. East Finchley, Middlesex, England; educated at Cambridge (1909–1915; Sc.D., 1926). From 1919 to 1933 he…

statistics

(Encyclopedia) statistics, science of collecting and classifying a group of facts according to their relative number and determining certain values that represent characteristics of the group. The…

Sinclair, Sir John

(Encyclopedia) Sinclair, Sir John, 1754–1835, Scottish agricultural economist and statistician. He compiled A Statistical Account of Scotland (21 vol., 1791–99), giving information on farming and…

biometrics, in biology

(Encyclopedia) biometrics, also known as biostatistics or biometry, in biology, the development and application of statistical and mathematical methods to the analysis of data resulting from…

Wright, Sewall

(Encyclopedia) Wright, Sewall, 1889–1988, American geneticist, b. Melrose, Mass., B.S. Lombard College, 1911, M.S. Univ. of Illinois, 1912, D.Sc. Harvard, 1915. From 1915 to 1925 he worked in the…

Pearson, Karl

(Encyclopedia) Pearson, Karl, 1857–1936, English scientist. He studied law, taught geometry, and applied mathematics and mechanics, and in 1911 became professor of eugenics at the Univ. of London and…

Edgeworth, Francis Ysidro

(Encyclopedia) Edgeworth, Francis YsidroEdgeworth, Francis Ysidroəsēˈdrōˌ [key], 1845–1926, British economist, grad. Trinity College, Dublin. He was professor of political economy at Oxford and first…

Giddings, Franklin Henry

(Encyclopedia) Giddings, Franklin Henry, 1855–1931, American sociologist, b. Fairfield co., Conn., grad. Union College, Schenectady, N.Y. In 1894 he became professor of sociology at Columbia, where…

Kapteyn, Jacobus Cornelius

(Encyclopedia) Kapteyn, Jacobus CorneliusKapteyn, Jacobus Corneliusyäkōˈbəs kôrnāˈlēəs käptīnˈ [key], 1851–1922, Dutch astronomer. He was an authority on the Milky Way, of which he made notable…