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separation

(Encyclopedia) separation, in law, either the voluntary agreement of husband and wife to live apart or a partial dissolution of the marriage relation by court order. The marriage bond remains, and…

Babcock, Stephen Moulton

(Encyclopedia) Babcock, Stephen MoultonBabcock, Stephen Moultonmōlˈtən băbˈkŏk [key], 1843–1931, American agricultural chemist, b. Bridgewater, N.Y., grad. Tufts College (B.A., 1866), Univ. of…

ephors

(Encyclopedia) ephorsephorsĕfˈərz [key] [Gr.,=overseers], in ancient Greece, magistrates in several Dorian states. In Sparta they comprised an executive, legislative, and judicial board of five…

Cambridge Platonists

(Encyclopedia) Cambridge Platonists, group of English philosophers, centered at Cambridge in the latter half of the 17th cent. In reaction to the mechanical philosophy of Thomas Hobbes this school…

Buckle, Henry Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Buckle, Henry Thomas, 1821–62, English historian. Contemptuous of the historical writing of his day, with its intense concern with politics, wars, and heroes, Buckle undertook the…

Biard, Pierre

(Encyclopedia) Biard, PierreBiard, Pierrepyĕr byär [key], c.1567–1622, French Jesuit missionary in North America. He left a professorship of theology in Lyons to head the first Jesuit mission to…

Meiklejohn, Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Meiklejohn, AlexanderMeiklejohn, Alexandermĭkˈəljŏn [key], 1872–1964, American educator, b. Rochdale, England, grad. Brown Univ., 1893, Ph.D. Cornell, 1897. He taught philosophy at…

Kosygin, Alexei Nikolayevich

(Encyclopedia) Kosygin, Alexei NikolayevichKosygin, Alexei Nikolayevichəlyĭksyāˈ nyĭkə līˈəvĭch kəsēˈgĭn [key], 1904–80, Soviet political leader. A member of the Communist party from 1927, he joined…

luminosity

(Encyclopedia) luminosity, in astronomy, the rate at which energy of all types is radiated by an object in all directions. A star's luminosity depends on its size and its temperature, varying as the…

digital-to-analog conversion

(Encyclopedia) digital-to-analog or D/A conversion, the process of changing discrete digital data into a continuously varying signal in relation to a standard or reference. There are two types of…