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Herder, Johann Gottfried von

(Encyclopedia) Herder, Johann Gottfried vonHerder, Johann Gottfried vonyōˈhän gôtˈfrēt fən hĕrˈdər [key], 1744–1803, German philosopher, critic, and clergyman, b. East Prussia. Herder was an…

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice

(Encyclopedia) Merleau-Ponty, MauriceMerleau-Ponty, Mauricemōrēsˈ mĕrlōˈ-pôNtēˈ [key], 1908–61, French philosopher. He graduated (1931) from the École normale supérieure, Paris, and after World War…

Khoikhoi

(Encyclopedia) KhoikhoiKhoikhoikoiˈkoiˌ [key], people numbering about 55,000 mainly in Namibia and in W South Africa. The Khoikhoi have been called Hottentots by whites in South Africa. In language…

Kristeva, Julia

(Encyclopedia) Kristeva, Julia, 1941–, French critic, psychoanalyst, semiotician, and writer, b. Sliven, Bulgaria. Writing in French, she has explored many subjects including structuralist…

Eliot, John

(Encyclopedia) Eliot, John, 1604–90, English missionary in colonial Massachusetts, called the Apostle to the Indians. Educated at Cambridge, he was influenced by Thomas Hooker, became a staunch…

Mongolian languages

(Encyclopedia) Mongolian languages, group of languages forming a subdivision of the Altaic subfamily of the Ural-Altaic family of languages (see Uralic and Altaic languages). The Mongolian languages…

Neurath, Otto

(Encyclopedia) Neurath, Otto, 1882–1945, Austrian philosopher, social scientist, and design theorist, b. Vienna. During the 1920s and 30s he was both a Marxist and a member of the Vienna Circle, an…

Urartu

(Encyclopedia) UrartuUrartu&oomacr;rärˈt&oomacr; [key], ancient kingdom of Armenia and N Mesopotamia, centered about Lake Van in present-day E Turkey. It was the biblical Ararat. Urartu…