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Ems dispatch

(Encyclopedia) Ems dispatch, 1870, communication between King William of Prussia (later German Emperor William I) and his premier, Otto von Bismarck. In June, 1870, the throne of Spain was offered to…

William I, king of England

(Encyclopedia) William I or William the Conqueror, 1027?–1087, king of England (1066–87). Earnest and resourceful, William was not only one of the greatest of English monarchs but a pivotal figure in…

William the Silent

(Encyclopedia) William the Silent or William of Orange (William I, prince of Orange), 1533–84, Dutch statesman, principal founder of Dutch independence. William married four times. His first wife…

William of Orange

(Encyclopedia) William of Orange: see William the Silent; William II, prince of Orange; William III, king of England.

Frederick William IV

(Encyclopedia) Frederick William IV, 1795–1861, king of Prussia (1840–61), son and successor of Frederick William III. A romanticist and a mystic, he conceived vague schemes of reform based on a…

Robert II, duke of Normandy

(Encyclopedia) Robert II (Robert Curthose), c.1054–1134, duke of Normandy (1087–1106); eldest son of King William I of England. Aided by King Philip I of France, he rebelled (1077) against his father…

William Carlos Williams

William Carlos Williams was a local doctor in New Jersey throughout his life while also becoming a Pulitzer Prize-winning poet. Williams was considered a groundbreaker: he wrote poems about the…

criticism

(Encyclopedia) criticism, the interpretation and evaluation of literature and the arts. It exists in a variety of literary forms: dialogues (Plato, John Dryden), verse (Horace, Alexander Pope),…

Carstares, William

(Encyclopedia) Carstares or Carstairs, William, 1649–1715, Scottish statesman and Presbyterian divine. While studying theology at Utrecht, he became a friend of William of Orange (later William III…