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Froissart, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Froissart, JeanFroissart, JeanzhäN frəwäsärˈ [key], c.1337–1410?, French chronicler, poet, and courtier, b. Valenciennes. Although ordained as a priest, he led a worldly life. He…

Verhaeren, Émile

(Encyclopedia) Verhaeren, ÉmileVerhaeren, Émileāmēlˈ vārärĕnˈ, vərhäˈrən [key], 1855–1916, Belgian poet and critic, a Fleming who wrote in French. His dominant passion for social reform found…

Alfonso X, Spanish king of Castile and León

(Encyclopedia) Alfonso X (Alfonso the Wise), 1221–84, Spanish king of Castile and León (1252–84); son and successor of Ferdinand III, whose conquests of the Moors he continued, notably by taking…

basilica

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Floor plan of a basilica basilicabasilicabəsĭlˈĭkə [key], large building erected by the Romans for transacting business and disposing of legal matters. Rectangular in form with…

European Free Trade Association

(Encyclopedia) European Free Trade Association (EFTA), customs union and trading bloc; its current members are Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland. EFTA was established in 1960 by Austria…

Abd al-Aziz

(Encyclopedia) Abd al-AzizAbd al-Azizäbˌdäl-äzēzˈ [key] or AbdülazizAbdülazizTurk. äbdülˈäzēzˈ [key], 1830–76, Ottoman sultan (1861–76), brother and successor of Abd al-Majid. The economic and…

Kropotkin, Piotr Alekseyevich, Prince

(Encyclopedia) Kropotkin, Piotr Alekseyevich, PrinceKropotkin, Piotr Alekseyevich, Princepyôˈtər əlyĭksyāˈĭvĭch krəpôtˈkĭn [key], 1842–1921, Russian geographer and anarchist. He came from a wealthy…

art nouveau

(Encyclopedia) art nouveauart nouveauärˌ n&oomacr;vōˈ [key], decorative-art movement centered in Western Europe. It began in the 1880s as a reaction against the historical emphasis of mid-19th-…

hairdressing

(Encyclopedia) hairdressing, arranging of the hair for decorative, ceremonial, or symbolic reasons. Primitive men plastered their hair with clay and tied trophies and badges into it to represent…

barrow, in archaeology

(Encyclopedia) barrow, in archaeology, a burial mound. Earth and stone or timber are the usual construction materials; in parts of SE Asia stone and brick have entirely replaced earth. A barrow built…