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Gioia, Melchiorre

(Encyclopedia) Gioia or Gioja, MelchiorreGioia or Gioja, Melchiorreboth: mālkyôrˈrā jōˈyä [key], 1767–1829, Italian economist and political theorist. An early advocate of the unification of Italy, he…

Heckman, James Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Heckman, James Joseph, 1944– American economist, b. Chicago, Ill., Ph.D. Princeton, 1971. He has taught at the Univ. of Chicago since 1973. Heckman shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in…

Fermi-Dirac statistics

(Encyclopedia) Fermi-Dirac statistics, class of statistics that applies to particles called fermions. Fermions have half-integral values of the quantum mechanical property called spin and are “…

census

(Encyclopedia) census, periodic official count of the number of persons and their condition and of the resources of a country. In ancient times, among the Jews and Romans, such enumeration was mainly…

Colquhoun, Patrick

(Encyclopedia) Colquhoun, PatrickColquhoun, Patrickkōh&oomacr;nˈ [key], 1745–1820, British economist and statistician, b. Scotland. Active in civic affairs in Glasgow (where he founded the…

Beane, Billy

(Encyclopedia) Beane, Billy (William Lamar Beane 3d), 1962–, American baseball player and general manager, b. Orlando, Fla. An outfielder with a lifetime average of .219, he had a short, unimpressive…

Booth, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Booth, Charles, 1840–1916, English social investigator, pioneer in developing the social survey method. Aided by the notable social scientist Beatrice Potter Webb, he made an…

Babson, Roger Ward

(Encyclopedia) Babson, Roger Ward, 1875–1967, American businessman and statistician, b. Gloucester, Mass. In 1904 he founded the Babson Statistical Organization, Inc., whose business and financial…

Harriot, Thomas

(Encyclopedia) Harriot, ThomasHarriot, Thomashârˈēət [key], 1560–1621, English mathematician and astronomer. He was tutor to Sir Walter Raleigh, who sent him in 1585 to Virginia as surveyor with Sir…

Lee, Tsung-Dao

(Encyclopedia) Lee, Tsung-DaoLee, Tsung-Daodz&oobreve;ngˈ-douˈ lēˈ [key], 1926–, American physicist, b. China, Ph.D. Univ. of Chicago, 1950. He was a member (1951–53) of the Institute for…