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Myrdal, Alva

(Encyclopedia) Myrdal, AlvaMyrdal, Alvaälˈvä mĭrˈdäl, Swed. mürˈdäl [key], 1902–86, Swedish sociologist, diplomat, and political leader. As a sociologist in the 1930s, she initiated a national…

Mauss, Marcel

(Encyclopedia) Mauss, MarcelMauss, Marcelmärsĕlˈmōs [key], 1872–1950, French sociologist and anthropologist. Nephew of eminant sociologist Émile Durkheim, Mauss graduated from the Univ. of Bordeaux…

Hobhouse, Leonard Trelawney

(Encyclopedia) Hobhouse, Leonard Trelawney, 1864–1929, English philosopher, sociologist, and journalist. He taught at Oxford and at the Univ. of London. Hobhouse sought to show with evidence from…

Le Bon, Gustave

(Encyclopedia) Le Bon, GustaveLe Bon, Gustavegüstävˈ lə bôN [key], 1841–1931, French psychologist and sociologist. He was the author of a number of works on social psychology, in which he expounded…

Dąbrowska, Marja

(Encyclopedia) Dąbrowska, MarjaDąbrowska, Marjamärˈyä dôNbrôfˈskä [key], 1889–1965, Polish sociologist and novelist. Dąbrowska worked as a militant publicist to further social and economic reform.…

Gumplowicz, Ludwig

(Encyclopedia) Gumplowicz, LudwigGumplowicz, Ludwigl&oomacr;tˈvĭkh g&oobreve;mˈplōvĭch [key], 1838–1909, Austrian sociologist, political scientist, and jurist. From 1897 to 1909 he was a…

Lynd, Robert Staughton

(Encyclopedia) Lynd, Robert Staughton, 1892–1970, American sociologist, b. New Albany, Ind.; grad. Princeton (B.A., 1914), Ph.D. Columbia, 1931. He taught at Columbia for 30 years (1931–61). With his…

Tönnies, Ferdinand

(Encyclopedia) Tönnies, FerdinandTönnies, Ferdinandfĕrˈdēnänt tönˈyəs [key], 1855–1936, German sociologist and political scientist. He is noted for his analysis of the distinction between the older…

functionalism, in anthropology and sociology

(Encyclopedia) functionalism, in anthropology and sociology, a theory stressing the importance of interdependence among all behavior patterns and institutions within a social system to its long-term…

Sumner, William Graham

(Encyclopedia) Sumner, William Graham, 1840–1910, American sociologist and political economist, b. Paterson, N.J., grad. Yale, 1863, and studied in Germany, in Switzerland, and at Oxford. He was…