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abrasive

(Encyclopedia) abrasive, material used to grind, smooth, cut, or polish another substance. Natural abrasives include sand, pumice, corundum, and ground quartz. Carborundum (silicon carbide) and…

bronze, in metallurgy

(Encyclopedia) bronze, in metallurgy, alloy of copper, tin, zinc, phosphorus, and sometimes small amounts of other elements. Bronzes are harder than brasses. Most are produced by melting the copper…

boron

(Encyclopedia) boronboronbōrˈŏn [key] [New Gr. from borax], chemical element; symbol B; at. no. 5; interval in which at. wt. ranges 10.806–10.821; m.p. about 2,300℃; sublimation point about 2,550℃;…

firebrick

(Encyclopedia) firebrick, brick that can withstand high temperatures, used to line flues, stacks, furnaces, and fireplaces. In general, such bricks have high melting points that range from about 2,…

Salinas, city, United States

(Encyclopedia) SalinasSalinassəlēˈnəs [key], city (1990 pop. 108,777), seat of Monterey co., W Calif.; inc. 1874. It is the shipping and processing center of a fertile valley famous for its grain and…

Packard, David

(Encyclopedia) Packard, David, 1912–96, American business executive, b. Pueblo, Colo., grad. Stanford (B.A., 1934; M.S., 1939). He and classmate William R. Hewlett opened a garage-based business,…

organometallic chemistry

(Encyclopedia) organometallic chemistry, the reactions and use of a class of compounds (R-M) that contain a covalent bond between carbon and metal. They are prepared either by direct reaction of the…

Gerald Pearson Biography

inventorBorn: 31 March 1905Best Known as: co-creator of the silicon solar cell Gerald Pearson, along with Bell Labs colleagues Daryl Chapin and Calvin Fuller,…

Hewlett, William Redington

(Encyclopedia) Hewlett, William RedingtonHewlett, William Redingtonhy&oomacr;ˈlĭt [key], 1913–2001, American engineer and business executive, b. Ann Arbor, Mich., grad. Stanford (B.S. 1934,…

Cambridge, city, England

(Encyclopedia) Cambridge, city and district, Cambridgeshire, E central England, on the River Cam. The city, set in flat country, is most famous as the…