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Civilian Conservation Corps

(Encyclopedia) Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), established in 1933 by the U.S. Congress as a measure of the New Deal program. The CCC provided work and vocational training for unemployed single…

Joint Chiefs of Staff

(Encyclopedia) Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S. statutory agency, created in 1949 within the Dept. of Defense. The chairman is the principal military adviser to the President, the National Security…

National Youth Administration

(Encyclopedia) National Youth Administration (NYA), former U.S. government agency established in 1935 within the Works Progress Administration; it was transferred in 1939 to the Federal Security…

Osorio, Oscar

(Encyclopedia) Osorio, OscarOsorio, Oscarōskärˈ ōsōˈryō [key], 1910–69, president of El Salvador (1950–56). A peasant farmer, he joined the army and rose to the rank of major. As a member of the…

Gates, Robert Michael

(Encyclopedia) Gates, Robert Michael, 1943–, American government official, U.S. secretary of defense (2006–11), b. Wichita, Kans. A circumspect and pragmatic career intelligence officer, he joined (…

Rice, Condoleezza

(Encyclopedia) Rice, Condoleezza, 1954–, U.S. government official and educator, b. Birmingham, Ala. A political scientist who has specialized in Russian and E European studies, Rice has been a…

Ghazouani, Mohamed Ould

(Encyclopedia) Ghazouani, Mohamed Ould, 1956–, Mauritanian military and political leader, president of Mauritania (2019–). He joined the military in the late 1970s, rising to become commander of the…

Gonsalves, Ralph Everard

(Encyclopedia) Gonsalves, Ralph Everard, 1946–, Vincentian political leader. Gonsalves practised law in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines for several years, becoming deputy leader of the Unity Labor…