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Desnos, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Desnos, RobertDesnos, Robertrôbĕrˈ dĕsnôsˈ [key], 1900–1945, French poet. Among the best-known surrealist poets, he was one of the chief proponents of so-called automatic writing. He…

surrealism

(Encyclopedia) surrealismsurrealismsərēˈəlĭzəm [key], literary and art movement influenced by Freudianism and dedicated to the expression of imagination as revealed in dreams, free of the conscious…

Robert II, duke of Normandy

(Encyclopedia) Robert II (Robert Curthose), c.1054–1134, duke of Normandy (1087–1106); eldest son of King William I of England. Aided by King Philip I of France, he rebelled (1077) against his father…

Henry I, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Henry I, c.1008–1060, king of France (1031–60), son and successor of King Robert II. To defend his throne against his mother, his brothers Robert and Eudes, and subsequently against…

Gloucester, Robert, earl of

(Encyclopedia) Gloucester, Robert, earl of, d. 1147, English nobleman; illegitimate son of Henry I. Henry created (c.1121) the earldom of Gloucester for him. After his father's death (1135), Robert…

Indiana, Robert

(Encyclopedia) Indiana, RobertIndiana, Robertĭnˌdē-ănˈə [key], 1928–2018, American pop artist, b. New Castle, Ind., as Robert Clark. A leading figure in the pop art movement of the 1960s, he…

Robert of Courtenay

(Encyclopedia) Robert of CourtenayRobert of Courtenaykôrtˈnē, k&oobreve;rtənāˈ [key], d. 1228, Latin emperor of Constantinople (1218–28). His father, Peter of Courtenay, was elected by the Latin…

Robert I, king of Scotland

(Encyclopedia) Robert I or Robert the Bruce, 1274–1329, king of Scotland (1306–29). He belonged to the illustrious Bruce family and was the grandson of that Robert the Bruce who in 1290 was an…

Robert II, king of Scotland

(Encyclopedia) Robert II, 1316–90, king of Scotland (1371–90), nephew and successor of David II. He was the first sovereign of the house of Stuart, or Stewart (see Stuart, family), which eventually…

Robert III, king of Scotland

(Encyclopedia) Robert III, 1340?–1406, king of Scotland (1390–1406), eldest son and successor of Robert II. Known before his accession as John, earl of Carrick, he ruled for his father until 1389,…