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Turks and Caicos Islands

(Encyclopedia) Turks and Caicos IslandsTurks and Caicos Islandskīˈkōs [key], dependency of Great Britain (2015 est. pop. 34,000), 166 sq mi (430 sq km), West Indies. There are more than 30 cays and…

Beecher, Henry Ward

(Encyclopedia) Beecher, Henry Ward, 1813–87, American Congregational preacher, orator, and lecturer, b. Litchfield, Conn.; son of Lyman Beecher and brother of Harriet Beecher Stowe. He graduated from…

Mary of Guise

(Encyclopedia) Mary of GuiseMary of Guisegēz [key], 1515–60, queen consort of James V of Scotland and regent for her daughter, Mary Queen of Scots. The daughter of Claude de Lorraine, duc de Guise,…

Acknowledgments

The first five editions of The Columbia Encyclopedia were published in 1935, 1950, 1963, 1975, and 1993. All editions owe a debt of gratitude to Clark Fisher Ansley, the editor of the first edition,…

Origins of the Christmas Holiday

World's biggest festival has varied roots More on the traditions of Christmas trees, Santa Claus, and candy canes. Related Links Advent Christian and Secular Holidays, 2000-2015…

Barth, Karl

(Encyclopedia) Barth, KarlBarth, Karlbärt [key], 1886–1968, Swiss Protestant theologian, one of the leading thinkers of 20th-century Protestantism. He helped to found the Confessing Church and his…

Paisley, Ian Richard Kyle

(Encyclopedia) Paisley, Ian Richard KylePaisley, Ian Richard Kylepāzˈlē [key], 1926–2014, Northern Irish religious and political leader. For many years a leading protagonist of militant Protestantism…

modernism

(Encyclopedia) modernism, in religion, a general movement in the late 19th and 20th cent. that tried to reconcile historical Christianity with the findings of modern science and philosophy. Modernism…

Henry IV, king of France

(Encyclopedia) Henry IV, 1553–1610, king of France (1589–1610) and, as Henry III, of Navarre (1572–1610), son of Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne d'Albret; first of the Bourbon kings of France.…

Gibbon, Edward

(Encyclopedia) Gibbon, Edward, 1737–94, English historian, author of The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. His childhood was sickly, and he had little formal education but read…