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Elizabeth, queen of Bohemia

(Encyclopedia) Elizabeth, 1596–1662, queen of Bohemia, daughter of James I of England. Her beauty attracted most of the royal suitors of Europe (she was nicknamed the “Queen of Hearts”), but she was…

Mayenne, Charles de Lorraine, duc de

(Encyclopedia) Mayenne, Charles de Lorraine, duc deMayenne, Charles de Lorraine, duc deshärl də lôrĕnˈ dük də mäyĕnˈ [key], 1554–1611, French Catholic general in the Wars of Religion (see Religion,…

Klesl, Melchior

(Encyclopedia) Klesl or Khlesl, MelchiorKlesl or Khlesl, Melchiorboth: mĕlˈkhyôr klāˈsəl [key], 1552–1630, Austrian politician, cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. The son of a Protestant baker,…

Kutná Hora

(Encyclopedia) Kutná HoraKutná Horak&oobreve;tˈnä hôˈrä [key], Ger. Kuttenberg, city (1991 pop. 24,561), central Czech Republic, in Bohemia. Now an agricultural center, it was an important silver…

League

(Encyclopedia) League or Holy League, in French history, organization of Roman Catholics, aimed at the suppression of Protestantism and Protestant political influence in France. It was foreshadowed…

Walsingham, Sir Francis

(Encyclopedia) Walsingham, Sir FrancisWalsingham, Sir Franciswôlˈsĭng-əm [key], 1532?–1590, English statesman. A zealous Protestant, he went abroad during the reign of Queen Mary I but returned on…

Bayle, Pierre

(Encyclopedia) Bayle, PierreBayle, Pierrepyĕr bāl [key], 1647–1706, French philosopher. Born a Huguenot, he converted to Roman Catholicism and then returned to Protestantism. To avoid French…

Ormonde, Thomas Butler, 10th earl of

(Encyclopedia) Ormonde, Thomas Butler, 10th earl of, 1532–1614, Irish nobleman. Brought up at the English court, he was the first of his family to embrace Protestantism. He succeeded to the earldom…

Halloween History

The tangled origins of the October 31 holiday Related Links Halloween Guide Halloween Traditions New! Halloween by the Numbers Halloween Hangman New! Unlucky Number 13 The…

Horace Mann

Horace Mann was a Massachusetts lawyer and social reformer whose advocacy of tax-supported "common schools" laid the groundwork for the American public school system. A Whig, Mann was a lawyer who…