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Xenocrates

(Encyclopedia) XenocratesXenocrateszĭnŏkˈrətēz [key], 396–314 b.c., Greek philosopher, b. Chalcedon, successor of Speusippus as head of the Academy. He was a disciple of Plato, whom he accompanied to…

Protagoras

(Encyclopedia) ProtagorasProtagorasprōtăgˈərəs [key], c.490–c.421 b.c., Greek philosopher of Abdera, one of the more distinguished Sophists. He taught for a time in Athens, where he was a friend of…

Epicurus

(Encyclopedia) EpicurusEpicurusĕpĭky&oobreve;rˈəs [key], 341–270 b.c., Greek philosopher, b. Samos; son of an Athenian colonist. He claimed to be self-taught, although tradition states that he…

Dion of Syracuse

(Encyclopedia) Dion of SyracuseDion of Syracusedīˈən [key], 409?–354? b.c., Sicilian Greek political leader, brother-in-law of Dionysius the Elder, tyrant of Syracuse. He became interested in…

Helice

(Encyclopedia) HeliceHelicehĕˈlĭsē [key] or HelikeHelicehəlēkē [key], ancient city of Achaea, N Peloponnesus, near the mouth of the Selinous River, 20 mi (32 km) E of Pátrai. Noted for its sanctuary…

Blondel, Maurice

(Encyclopedia) Blondel, Maurice, 1861–1949, French Catholic philosopher, b. Dijon. He was a professor at the universities of Montauban, Lille, and Aix-Marseille during his influential career. Like…

Campanella, Tommaso

(Encyclopedia) Campanella, TommasoCampanella, Tommasotōm–mäˈzō kämpänĕlˈlä [key], 1568–1639, Italian Renaissance philosopher and writer. He entered the Dominican order at the age of 15, and although…

dialectic

(Encyclopedia) dialecticdialecticdīəlĕkˈtĭk [key] [Gr.,= art of conversation], in philosophy, term originally applied to the method of philosophizing by means of question and answer employed by…

Apuleius, Lucius

(Encyclopedia) Apuleius, LuciusApuleius, Luciusăˌpy&oobreve;lēˈəs [key], c.124–c.170, Latin writer, satirist, rhetorician, b. Hippo (now Bône, Algeria). His narrative romance The Golden Ass or…

earth, in chemistry

(Encyclopedia) earth, in chemistry, metallic oxide not readily reducible by chemical means, e.g., alkaline earths, rare earths, and alumina. The name is also applied to certain absorbent clays, e.g…