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Beck, Julian

(Encyclopedia) Beck, Julian, 1925–85, American theatrical director, actor, and producer, b. New York City. In 1948 he married Judith Malina, 1926–2015, also an American theatrical director, actor,…

Remarque, Erich Maria

(Encyclopedia) Remarque, Erich MariaRemarque, Erich Mariaāˈrĭkh märēˈä rəmärkˈ [key], 1898–1970, German-American novelist, whose original name was Erich Paul Remark. From his experience of trench…

Pearl, The

(Encyclopedia) Pearl, The, one of four Middle English alliterative poems, all contained in a manuscript of c.1400, composed in the West Midland dialect, almost certainly by the same anonymous author…

Lodge, David

(Encyclopedia) Lodge, David (David John Lodge), 1935–, English novelist and critic, b. London, grad. University College, London (B.A. 1955, M.A. 1959) and the Univ. of Birmingham (Ph.D., 1967). Lodge…

Milton, John

(Encyclopedia) Milton, John, 1608–74, English poet, b. London, one of the greatest poets of the English language. Milton's theology, although in the Protestant tradition, is extremely…

initiative

(Encyclopedia) initiative, the originating of a law or constitutional amendment by popular petition. It is intended to allow the electorate to initiate legislation independently of the legislature.…

Fish, Stanley Eugene

(Encyclopedia) Fish, Stanley Eugene, 1938–, American literary critic and educator, b. Providence, R.I.; grad. Univ. of Pennsylvania (B.A., 1959), Yale Univ. (M.A., 1960; Ph.D., 1962). Fish has taught…

Giovanni di Paolo

(Encyclopedia) Giovanni di PaoloGiovanni di Paolojōvänˈnē dē päˈōlō [key], c.1403–1483, major Italian painter of the Sienese school. Typical of the Sienese painters of his era, he paid scant…

Lubitsch, Ernst

(Encyclopedia) Lubitsch, ErnstLubitsch, Ernstl&oomacr;ˈbĭch [key], 1892–1947, German-American film director, b. Berlin. He studied acting in his native city and in 1911 joined Max Reinhardt's…

Colette

(Encyclopedia) Colette (Sidonie Gabrielle Colette)Colettesēdōnēˈ gäbrēĕlˈ kōlĕtˈ [key], 1873–1954, French novelist. Colette achieved popularity with numerous novels, characterized by sensitive…