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Quinet, Edgar

(Encyclopedia) Quinet, EdgarQuinet, Edgarĕdgärˈ kēnāˈ [key], 1803–75, French historian. A romantic nationalist, he was much influenced by Johann Gottfried von Herder and was a close friend and…

Schadow, Johann Gottfried

(Encyclopedia) Schadow, Johann GottfriedSchadow, Johann Gottfriedyōˈhän gôtˈfrēt shäˈdôf [key], 1764–1850, German sculptor of the neoclassical school. He studied in Rome. In 1788 he returned to…

Jordan, Camille

(Encyclopedia) Jordan, CamilleJordan, Camillekämēˈyə zhôrdäNˈ [key], 1771–1821, French writer and political figure. A moderate supporter of the French Revolution, he fled France during the Reign of…

Schnabel, Johann Gottfried

(Encyclopedia) Schnabel, Johann GottfriedSchnabel, Johann Gottfriedyōˈhän gôtˈfrēt [key]Schnabel, Johann Gottfried shnäˈbəl [key], b. 1692, d. after 1742, German author, whose pseudonym was Gisander…

Galle, Johann Gottfried

(Encyclopedia) Galle, Johann GottfriedGalle, Johann Gottfriedyōˈhän gôtˈfrēt gäˈlə [key], 1812–1910, German astronomer. He is noted for his discovery of the planet Neptune, Sept. 23, 1846, by…

Gottfried von Strassburg

(Encyclopedia) Gottfried von StrassburgGottfried von Strassburggôtˈfrēt fən shträsˈb&oobreve;rkh [key], fl. 13th cent., German poet, also called Godfrey of Strasbourg. He is thought to have been…

Ersch, Johann Samuel

(Encyclopedia) Ersch, Johann SamuelErsch, Johann Samuelyōˈhän zäˈm&oomacr;ĕl ĕrsh [key], 1766–1828, German encyclopedist, first editor of the great encyclopedia known as Ersch and Gruber's. At…

Pan-Slavism

(Encyclopedia) Pan-Slavism, theory and movement intended to promote the political or cultural unity of all Slavs. Advocated by various individuals from the 17th cent., it developed as an intellectual…

Bodmer, Johann Jakob

(Encyclopedia) Bodmer, Johann JakobBodmer, Johann Jakobyōˈhän yäˈkôp bōdˈmər [key], 1698–1783, Swiss critic, poet, and editor. He translated Milton's Paradise Lost and Middle High German poetry.…

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe is one of the great figures in the history of German literature. Early in his career he studied law, and in 1775 he joined the court of Duke Charles Augustus. For ten…