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idol

(Encyclopedia) idol, an object, frequently an image, which is worshiped as a deity. Idols are usually found in human or animal form and may be treated as though alive; they are fed, bathed, anointed…

Milman, Henry Hart

(Encyclopedia) Milman, Henry Hart, 1791–1868, English clergyman, poet, and historian, dean of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, from 1849. He was the author of several dramatic poems as well as some…

Castro, Américo

(Encyclopedia) Castro, AméricoCastro, Américoämāˈrēkō käsˈtrō [key], 1885–1972, Spanish philologist and literary critic, b. Brazil. After the Spanish Civil War, Castro's studies focused on how modern…

Barbie, Klaus

(Encyclopedia) Barbie, Klaus, 1913–91, Nazi war criminal known as the “Butcher of Lyons.” As Gestapo chief in Lyons, France (1942–44), he was responsible for the deaths of French Resistance members…

Chronicles

(Encyclopedia) Chronicles, two books of the Bible, originally a single work in the Hebrew canon (the final book of that canon), called First and Second Chronicles in the Authorized Version, and…

Esther

(Encyclopedia) EstherEstherĕsˈtər [key], book of the Bible. It is the tale of the beautiful Jewish woman Esther [Heb.,= Hadassah], who is chosen as queen by the Persian King Ahasuerus (Xerxes I or II…

Zaretan

(Encyclopedia) ZaretanZaretanzârˈētăn [key], ZartananZaretan–tănˈ– [key], or ZarthanZaretanzärˈthăn [key], in the Bible, unlocated place in the valley of the Jordan, associated with the crossing of…

Grätz, Heinrich

(Encyclopedia) Grätz or Graetz, HeinrichGrätz or Graetz, Heinrichboth: hīnˈrĭkh grĕts [key], 1817–91, German Jewish historian. He was the first modern historian to write, from a Jewish perspective, a…

Gordon, Judah Leon

(Encyclopedia) Gordon, Judah Leon, 1830–92, Russian-Hebrew novelist and poet, b. Vilna. As teacher and writer he was one of the leaders in the renaissance of a progressive culture among the Jews (see…

Cuth

(Encyclopedia) CuthCuthkŭth, k&oobreve;th [key] or CuthahCuthky&oomacr;ˈthə [key], ancient city of Mesopotamia, near Babylon. The inhabitants, when settled in Samaria, introduced the worship…