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Sephardim

(Encyclopedia) SephardimSephardimsəfärˈdəm [key], one of the two major geographic divisions of the Jewish people, consisting of those Jews whose forebears in the Middle Ages resided in the Iberian…

Josephus, Flavius

(Encyclopedia) Josephus, FlaviusJosephus, Flaviusflāˈvēəs jōsēˈfəs [key], a.d. 37–c.a.d. 100, Jewish historian and soldier, b. Jerusalem. Josephus' historical works are among the most valuable…

Montefiore, Sir Moses Haim

(Encyclopedia) Montefiore, Sir Moses HaimMontefiore, Sir Moses Haimmŏnˌtĭfēôˈrē [key], 1784–1885, British-Jewish philanthropist, b. Italy. He married a Rothschild and became affiliated with the…

Hertzberg, Arthur

(Encyclopedia) Hertzberg, Arthur, 1921–2006, American rabbi, scholar, and Jewish community leader, b. Poland. His family emigrated to the United States in 1926. He attended Johns Hopkins, the Jewish…

Zefat

(Encyclopedia) ZefatZefatzĕfˈät [key], town (1994 pop. 21,600), NE Israel. One of Israel's four holy cities, it has a thriving artists' colony and many museums and ancient synagogues. Ceramics,…

Dubnow, Simon

(Encyclopedia) Dubnow, SimonDubnow, Simond&oobreve;bˈnôf [key], 1860–1941, Jewish historian and ideologist, b. Belorussia. Self-educated, he settled after extensive travels in St. Petersburg,…

Manuel I, 1469–1521, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia) Manuel I, 1469–1521, king of Portugal (1495–1521), successor of John II. Manuel's reign was most notable for the successful continuation of Portugal's overseas enterprises. John had…

Passover

(Encyclopedia) Passover, in Judaism, one of the most important and elaborate of religious festivals. Its celebration begins on the evening of the 14th of Nisan (first month of the religious calendar…

Eichmann, Adolf

(Encyclopedia) Eichmann, AdolfEichmann, Adolfīkhˈmän [key], 1906–62, German National Socialist official. A member of the Austrian Nazi party, he headed the Austrian office for Jewish emigration (1938…