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Sheshbazzar

(Encyclopedia) SheshbazzarSheshbazzarshĕshˌbăzˈär [key], in the Bible, exiled Jewish prince, later governor of a reestablished Jewish state centered in Jerusalem, commissioned (538 b.c.) by Cyrus to…

Gamaliel of Jabneh

(Encyclopedia) Gamaliel of JabnehGamaliel of Jabnehgəmāˈlēəl, [key]Gamaliel of Jabnehjăbˈnē [key], fl. a.d. 100, Jewish scholar; grandson of the Gamaliel who, according to tradition, taught St. Paul…

Akiba ben Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Akiba ben JosephAkiba ben Josephəkēˈbə [key], c.a.d. 50–c.a.d. 135, Jewish Palestinian religious leader, one of the founders of rabbinic Judaism. Although the facts of his life are…

Bostanai ben Chaninai

(Encyclopedia) Bostanai ben ChaninaiBostanai ben Chaninaibôsˈtänī bĕn khänēnīˈ [key], c.618–670, first Jewish exilarch (i.e., ruler of the Jewish exiles in Babylonia) under Arab rule. He is the…

Ebionites

(Encyclopedia) EbionitesEbionitesēˈbēənītsˌ, ĕbˈē– [key] [Aramaic,=poor], Jewish-Christian sect of rural ancient Palestine, of the first centuries after Jesus. There were two groups, according to…

Nahmanides

(Encyclopedia) NahmanidesNahmanidesnähmänˈĭdēz [key], 1194–c.1270, Jewish scholar, exegete, and kabbalist, b. Spain. He wrote commentaries on the Hebrew Bible and the Talmud. A mystic, he rejected…

Eichmann, Adolf

(Encyclopedia) Eichmann, AdolfEichmann, Adolfīkhˈmän [key], 1906–62, German National Socialist official. A member of the Austrian Nazi party, he headed the Austrian office for Jewish emigration (1938…

Herzl, Theodor

(Encyclopedia) Herzl, TheodorHerzl, Theodortāˈōdôr hĕrˈtsəl [key], 1860–1904, Hungarian Jew, founder of modern Zionism. Sent to Paris as a correspondent for the Vienna Neue Frei Presse, he reported…

Babel, Isaac Emmanuelovich

(Encyclopedia) Babel, Isaac EmmanuelovichBabel, Isaac Emmanuelovichēˈsäk əmän&oomacr;āˈləvĭch bäˈbəl [key], 1894–1940, Russian writer, b. Odessa. Babel was quick to embrace the Bolshevik…

Gaonim

(Encyclopedia) GaonimGaonimgāōˈnĭm [key] [Heb.,=excellencies], title given to the heads of the Jewish academies at Sura and Pumbedita in Babylonia immediately following the period of the Saboraim…