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Cocteau, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Cocteau, JeanCocteau, JeanzhäN kôktōˈ [key], 1889–1963, French writer, visual artist, and filmmaker. He experimented audaciously in almost every artistic medium, becoming a leader of…

Buffet, Bernard

(Encyclopedia) Buffet, BernardBuffet, Bernardbĕrnärˈ büfāˈ [key], 1928–99, French painter. Buffet's melancholy paintings are characterized by prominent black outlining and grayed, muddied colors. The…

Piaf, Edith

(Encyclopedia) Piaf, EdithPiaf, Edithpēäfˈ [key], 1915–63, French cabaret singer, born as Edith Giovanna Gassion. She began to sing at 15 in cafés and on the streets of Paris and was soon engaged to…

Cardin, Pierre

(Encyclopedia) Cardin, PierreCardin, Pierrepyĕr kärdăNˈ [key], 1922–2020, French fashion designer, b. Italy. He spent most of his early years working in Paris for such firms as Schiaparelli and Dior…

Honegger, Arthur

(Encyclopedia) Honegger, ArthurHonegger, Arthurhŭnˈēgər, Fr. ärtür ônāgĕrˈ [key], 1892–1955, Swiss-French composer, studied at the conservatories of Zürich and Paris. One of the group of Parisian…

Milhaud, Darius

(Encyclopedia) Milhaud, DariusMilhaud, Dariusdäryüsˈ mēyōˈ [key], 1892–1974, French composer. Milhaud studied at the Paris Conservatory. In Brazil (1917–19) as an aide to Paul Claudel, poet and…

Petit, Roland

(Encyclopedia) Petit, Roland Petit, RolandrōläNˈ pətēˈ [key], 1924–2011, French dancer and choreographer, b. Villemomble. Petit joined the Paris Opéra company at 15 and in 1948 founded Les Ballets de…

Genet, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Genet, JeanGenet, JeanzhäN [key]Genet, Jean zhənāˈ [key], 1910–86, French dramatist. Deserted by his parents as an infant, Genet spent much of his early life in reformatories and…

Six, Les

(Encyclopedia) Six, LesSix, Leslā sēs [key], a short-lived group of six young early 20th-century French musicians. They were united by their adverse reactions to the extravagant impressionism of…

Movies and Film: Before the War

Before the WarMovies and FilmFrench Film HistoryIt's Art, Stupid!A Century of Cinematic SplendorBefore the WarSurfing the "New Wave"The Eighties and NinetiesTen Fabulous French Films Like…