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Sufism

(Encyclopedia) SufismSufisms&oomacr;ˈfĭzəm [key], an umbrella term for the ascetic and mystical movements within Islam. While Sufism is said to have incorporated elements of Christian monasticism…

Qutb, Sayyid

(Encyclopedia) Qutb, SayyidQutb, Sayyidsīˈyĭd kŭˈtəb [key], 1906–66, Egyptian Islamist whose critique of modern civilization and Islam provides the theoretical underpinnings for many contemporary…

Wahhabi

(Encyclopedia) Wahhabi or WahabiWahhabiwähäˈbē [key], reform movement in Islam, originating in Arabia; adherents of the movement usually refer to themselves as Muwahhidun [unitarians]. It was founded…

Allah

(Encyclopedia) AllahAllahălˈə, äˈlə [key], [Arab.,=the God]. Derived from an old Semitic root refering to the Divine and used in the Canaanite El, the Mesopotamian ilu, and the biblical Elohim, the…

Abu Bakr

(Encyclopedia) Abu BakrAbu Bakräˈb&oomacr; bäkˈər [key], 573–634, 1st caliph, friend, father-in-law, and successor of Muhammad. He was probably Muhammad's first convert outside the Prophet's…

zakat

(Encyclopedia) zakatzakatzə-kätˈ [key] [Arab.,=purification], Islamic religious tax, one of the five basic requirements (arkan or “pillars”) of Islam. All adult Muslims of sound mind and body with a…