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flame test

(Encyclopedia) flame test, test used in the identification of certain metals. It is based on the observation that light emitted by any element gives a unique spectrum when passed through a…

electrolyte

(Encyclopedia) electrolyteelectrolyteĭlĕkˈtrəlītˌ [key], electrical conductor in which current is carried by ions rather than by free electrons (as in a metal). Electrolytes include water solutions…

corrosion

(Encyclopedia) corrosion, atmospheric oxidation of metals (see oxidation and reduction). By far the most important form of corrosion is the rusting of iron. Rusting is essentially a process of…

mercurous chloride

(Encyclopedia) mercurous chloride,&sp;mercury (I) chloride, or calomel, chemical compound, Hg2Cl2, a white crystalline powder, very slightly soluble in water. It was once used medicinally as a…

Sturza, Dimitrie A.

(Encyclopedia) Sturza or Sturdza, Dimitrie A.Sturza or Sturdza, Dimitrie A.both: dēmēˈtrēyĕ st&oobreve;rˈdzə [key], 1833–1914, Romanian statesman, of a prominent Moldavian family. With Ion…

radiation sickness

(Encyclopedia) radiation sickness, harmful effect produced on body tissues by exposure to radioactive substances. The biological action of radiation is not fully understood, but it is believed that a…

carbonate

(Encyclopedia) carbonatecarbonatekärˈbənātˌ, –nət [key], chemical compound containing the carbonate radical or ion, CO3−2. Most familiar carbonates are salts that are formed by reacting an inorganic…

activation energy

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Energy profile of an exothermic reaction: Although the total energy of the products is less than that of the reactants, the activation energy must be added to weaken or break…

sulfate

(Encyclopedia) sulfate, chemical compound containing the sulfate (SO4) radical. Sulfates are salts or esters of sulfuric acid, H2SO4, formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal (e.…

formula, in chemistry

(Encyclopedia) formula, in chemistry, an expression showing the chemical composition of a compound. Formulas of compounds are used in writing the equations (see chemical equations) that represent…