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computer-aided design

(Encyclopedia) computer-aided design (CAD) or computer-aided design and drafting (CADD), form of automation that helps designers prepare drawings, specifications, parts lists, and other design-…

National Science Foundation

(Encyclopedia) National Science Foundation (NSF), an independent agency in the executive branch of the U.S. federal government concerned with promoting a national science policy by supporting basic…

logic circuit

(Encyclopedia) logic circuit, electric circuit whose output depends upon the input in a way that can be expressed as a function in symbolic logic; it has one or more binary inputs (capable of…

Suzhou

(Encyclopedia) Suzhou,&sp;SoochowSuzhou,both: s&oomacr;ˈjōˈ [key], or WuxianSuzhou,w&oomacr;ˈshēĕnˈ [key], city (1994 pop. 710,900), SE Jiangsu prov., E central China, on the Grand Canal…

atomic force microscope

(Encyclopedia) atomic force microscope (AFM), device that uses a spring-mounted probe to image individual atoms on the surface of a material, first developed by Gerd Binnig in 1986. Unlike the…

African Union

(Encyclopedia) African Union (AU), international organization established in 2002 by the nations of the former Organization of African Unity (OAU). The AU is the successor organization to the OAU,…

libretto

(Encyclopedia) librettolibrettoləbrĕtˈō [key] [Ital.,=little book], the text of an opera or an oratorio. Although a play usually emphasizes an integrated plot, a libretto is most often a loose plot…

organic farming

(Encyclopedia) organic farming, the practice of growing plants—especially for fruits and vegetables, but for ornamentals as well—without the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers,…

firearm

(Encyclopedia) firearm, device consisting essentially of a straight tube to propel shot, shell, or bullets by the explosion of gunpowder. Although the Chinese discovered gunpowder as early as the 9th…

Safdie, Moshe

(Encyclopedia) Safdie, MosheSafdie, Moshemōshāˈ säfˈdē [key], 1938–, Israeli-Canadian architect, b. Haifa. He grew up in Israel, moved to Canada with his family at 15, studied architecture at McGill…