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Pendergast, Thomas Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Pendergast, Thomas Joseph, 1872–1945, American political boss, b. St. Joseph, Mo. After holding minor political offices (1899–1910) in Kansas City, Mo., he became the acknowledged…

Wells, David Ames

(Encyclopedia) Wells, David Ames, 1828–98, American economist, b. Springfield, Mass., grad. Williams, 1847, and Lawrence Scientific School, Cambridge, Mass., 1851. Early in life he wrote several…

Individual Retirement Account

(Encyclopedia) Individual Retirement Account (IRA), tax-sheltered retirement plan, originally created (1974) to assist individuals not covered by company pensions. Under the U.S. tax law of 1981, IRA…

Desmarets, Nicolas

(Encyclopedia) Desmarets, NicolasDesmarets, Nicolasnēkôläˈ dāmärāˈ [key], 1648–1721, French statesman; the nephew of Jean Baptiste Colbert. He became director of finances in 1703 and succeeded Michel…

Rivera, Julio Adalberto

(Encyclopedia) Rivera, Julio AdalbertoRivera, Julio Adalbertoh&oomacr;ˈlyō ädälbārˈtō [key]Rivera, Julio Adalberto rēvāˈrä [key], 1921–73, president of El Salvador (1962–67). An army lieutenant…

Pigou, Arthur Cecil

(Encyclopedia) Pigou, Arthur CecilPigou, Arthur Cecilpĭˈg&oomacr; [key], 1877–1959, British economist, grad. King's College, Cambridge. He was a lecturer at University College, London, and at…

Boisguilbert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur de

(Encyclopedia) Boisguilbert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur deBoisguilbert, Pierre le Pesant, sieur depyĕr lə pəzäNˈ syör də bwägēlbĕrˈ [key], 1646–1714, French economist. A local official of Rouen after…

Nelson, Knute

(Encyclopedia) Nelson, KnuteNelson, Knutekən&oomacr;tˈ [key], 1843–1923, U.S. Senator (1895–1923), b. Voss, Norway. He was brought to the United States at the age of six, grew up on a Wisconsin…

Brown, Jerry

(Encyclopedia) Brown, Jerry (Edmund Gerald Brown, Jr.), 1938–, American political leader, b. San Francisco. The son of Edmund Gerald (Pat) Brown (1905–96), governor of California (1959–67), Brown…

Bradley, Bill

(Encyclopedia) Bradley, Bill (William Warren Bradley), 1943–, American athlete and politician, b. Crystal City, Mo. He first gained wide attention as an All-America basketball player at Princeton.…