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Diamond Necklace, Affair of the

(Encyclopedia) Diamond Necklace, Affair of the, scandal that took place at the court of King Louis XVI of France just before the French Revolution. An adventuress who called herself the comtesse de…

Santo Domingo, former Spanish colony

(Encyclopedia) Santo DomingoSanto Domingosänˈtō dōmēngˈgō [key], former Spanish colony on the island of Hispaniola. The name has also been used for the Dominican Republic, and in early days it…

Peter the Hermit

(Encyclopedia) Peter the Hermit, c.1050–1115, French religious leader. In 1095 he was a very successful preacher of the First Crusade (see Crusades), and he led one of its bands. In 1096 he reached…

Golden Horde, Empire of the

(Encyclopedia) CE5 Khanate of the Golden Horde (c.1300) Golden Horde, Empire of the, Mongol state comprising most of Russia, given as an appanage to Jenghiz Khan's oldest son, Juchi, and actually…

Murillo, Bartolomé Estéban

(Encyclopedia) Murillo, Bartolomé EstébanMurillo, Bartolomé Estébanbärtōlōmāˈ āstāˈbän m&oomacr;rēˈlyō [key], 1617?–1682, Spanish religious and portrait painter. He was born in Seville, where…

John of the Cross, Saint

(Encyclopedia) John of the Cross, Saint, Span. Juan de la Cruz, 1542–91, Spanish mystic and poet, Doctor of the Church. His name was originally Juan de Yepes. He was a founder of the Discalced…

Carlos, second son of Charles IV of Spain

(Encyclopedia) Carlos (Carlos María Isidro de Borbón), 1788–1855, second son of Charles IV of Spain. He was the first Carlist pretender. After his father's abdication (1808) he was, with the rest of…

Song of Solomon

(Encyclopedia) Song of Solomon,&sp;Song of Songs, or Canticles, book of the Bible, 22d in the order of the Authorized Version. Although traditionally ascribed to King Solomon, many scholars date…

The Charges Against Columbus

A controversy of historic proportion The Landing of Columbus by John Vanderlyn (1847)Within the last half century, many historians have come to criticize Columbus's legacy and question whether he…