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Marprelate controversy

(Encyclopedia) Marprelate controversyMarprelate controversymärˈprĕlˌĭt [key], a 16th-century English religious argument. Martin Marprelate was the pseudonym under which appeared several Puritan…

substance

(Encyclopedia) substance, in philosophy, term used to denote the changeless substratum presumed in some philosophies to be present in all being. Aristotle defined substance as that which possesses…

Junius

(Encyclopedia) Junius, English political author, known only by the signature Junius, which he signed to various letters written to the London Public Advertiser from Jan., 1769, to Jan., 1772,…

Dōgen

(Encyclopedia) DōgenDōgendōˈgĕn [key], 1200–1253, Zen master (see Zen Buddhism) and founder of the Sōtō Zen school in Japan. After studying in China, he received the seal of enlightenment and…

Yousafzai, Malala

(Encyclopedia) Yousafzai, Malala, 1997–, Pakistani advocate for girls' education. When Islamic militants took control of her native Swat in 2009, she wrote—with the encouragement of her father, an…

Cuadra, Pablo Antonio

(Encyclopedia) Cuadra, Pablo Antonio, 1912–2002, Nicaraguan poet, b. Managua. Early in life, Cuadra became a member of the Vanguard literary movement and edited (1929) its journal. Influenced by…

Delany, Samuel R.

(Encyclopedia) Delany, Samuel R. (Samuel Ray Delany, Jr.), 1942–, African-American wrtier, b. Harlem, New York City. Delany uses science fiction, fantasy, and memoir to explore sexual identity, race…

farce

(Encyclopedia) farce, light, comic theatrical piece in which the characters and events are greatly exaggerated to produce broad, absurd humor. Early examples of farce can be found in the comedies of…

Steinberg, Saul

(Encyclopedia) Steinberg, Saul, 1914–99, American artist-cartoonist, b. Samnicul-Sarat, Romania. He attended the Univ. of Bucharest (1932) and the Reggio Politecnico, Milan (doctorate in architecture…

higher criticism

(Encyclopedia) higher criticism, name given to a type of biblical criticism distinguished from textual or lower criticism. It seeks to interpret text of the Bible free from confessional and dogmatic…