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Croswell case

(Encyclopedia) Croswell caseCroswell casekrôzˈwəl, krôsˈwĕl [key], U.S. court case involving freedom of the press. In 1803, Harry Croswell, the editor of the Wasp of Hudson, N.Y., was convicted of…

Hume, Joseph

(Encyclopedia) Hume, Joseph, 1777–1855, English politician and reformer. Although a Tory in early life, he sat in Parliament from 1818 to 1855 (with only one interruption) as an indefatigable Radical…

Carlile, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Carlile, RichardCarlile, Richardkärlīlˈ [key], 1790–1843, English journalist, reformer, and freethinker. For his radical writings and efforts to secure the freedom of the press, he…

pamphlet

(Encyclopedia) pamphlet, short unbound or paper-bound book of from 64 to 96 pages. The pamphlet gained popularity as an instrument of religious or political controversy, giving the author and reader…

Nemser, Cindy

(Encyclopedia) Nemser, Cindy, 1937-2021, American feminist art critic, b. Brooklyn, NY, as Cecille Heller, Brooklyn College (BA, MA), NYU Institute…

Bradford, Andrew

(Encyclopedia) Bradford, Andrew, 1686–1742, colonial printer of Pennsylvania, b. Philadelphia; son of William Bradford (1663–1752). Andrew learned the trade in his father's shop in New York City and…

Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah

(Encyclopedia) Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah (Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah), 1929–2020, emir of Kuwait (2006–20). He held a number of government posts, including foreign minister (1963–2003) and deputy…

Frederick VII, king of Denmark

(Encyclopedia) Frederick VII, 1808–63, king of Denmark, duke of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg (1848–63), son and successor of Christian VIII. He accepted a liberal constitution in 1849 that…

Aguiyi-Ironsi, Johnson Thomas Umunnakwe

(Encyclopedia) Aguiyi-Ironsi, Johnson Thomas Umunnakwe, 1924–1966, Nigerian military officer and political leader. An Igbo from Umuahia, he joined the Nigerian army in 1942 and received military…