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spiritual

(Encyclopedia) spiritual, a religious folk song of American origin, particularly associated with African-American Protestants of the southern United States. The African-American spiritual,…

Villa-Lobos, Heitor

(Encyclopedia) Villa-Lobos, HeitorVilla-Lobos, Heitorāˈtôr vēˈlä-lôˈbôs [key], 1887–1959, Brazilian composer, educated in Brazil but self-taught in composition. He developed an interest in Brazilian…

chorus, in music

(Encyclopedia) chorus, in music, large group of singers performing in concert; a group singing liturgical music is a choir. The term chorus may also be used for a group singing or dancing together in…

Smetana, Bedřich

(Encyclopedia) Smetana, BedřichSmetana, Bedřichbĕˈdərzhĭkh smĕˈtänä [key], 1824–84, Czech composer, creator of a national style in Czech music. He studied in Pilsen and in Prague, where in 1848, with…

Milhaud, Darius

(Encyclopedia) Milhaud, DariusMilhaud, Dariusdäryüsˈ mēyōˈ [key], 1892–1974, French composer. Milhaud studied at the Paris Conservatory. In Brazil (1917–19) as an aide to Paul Claudel, poet and…

Seeger, Ruth Crawford

(Encyclopedia) Seeger, Ruth Crawford, 1901–53, American composer and folklorist, b. East Liverpool, Ohio, as Ruth Porter Crawford, studied American Conservatory, Chicago; stepmother of Pete Seeger…

flamenco

(Encyclopedia) flamenco, Spanish music and dance typical of the Romani (Gypsy), or gitano. Flamenco dancing is characterized by colorful costumes, intense and erotic movements, stamping of the feet (…

Lutosławski, Witold

(Encyclopedia) Lutosławski, Witold, 1913–94, Polish composer, b. Warsaw, studied Univ. of Warsaw, Warsaw Conservatory. His early works were mainly neoclassical and often included elements from Polish…

Sibelius, Jean Julius Christian

(Encyclopedia) Sibelius, Jean Julius ChristianSibelius, Jean Julius Christianzhän y&oomacr;ˈly&oobreve;s krĭsˈtyän sĭbāˈly&oobreve;s [key], 1865–1957, Finnish composer. Sibelius was a…

Ives, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Ives, CharlesIves, Charlesīvz [key], 1874–1954, American composer and organist, b. Danbury, Conn., grad. Yale, 1898; pupil of Dudley Buck and Horatio Parker. He was an organist (1893–…