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Walter, Lucy

(Encyclopedia) Walter, Lucy, 1630?–1658, mistress (1648–50) of Charles II of England during his exile in Holland and France. She was the mother by him of James Scott, duke of Monmouth, whom the Whigs…

Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess of

(Encyclopedia) Cleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess ofCleveland, Barbara Villiers, duchess ofvĭlˈərz, vĭlˈyərz [key], 1641–1709, mistress of King Charles II of England. She became Charles's mistress…

Rye House Plot

(Encyclopedia) Rye House Plot, 1683, conspiracy to assassinate Charles II of England and his brother James, duke of York (later James II), as they passed by Rumbold's Rye House in Hertfordshire on…

Catherine of Braganza

(Encyclopedia) Catherine of BraganzaCatherine of Braganzabrəgănˈzə [key], 1638–1705, queen consort of Charles II of England, daughter of John IV of Portugal. She was married to Charles in 1662. As…

John IV, king of Portugal

(Encyclopedia) John IV, 1604–56, king of Portugal (1640–56). He succeeded as duke of Braganza in 1630. Descended from Manuel I and in illegitimate line from John I, he had the strongest claim to the…

Petitot, Jean

(Encyclopedia) Petitot, JeanPetitot, JeanzhäN pətētōˈ [key], 1607–91, French painter in enamel, b. Switzerland. He was apprentice and later partner to a goldsmith, Pierre Bordier, whom he accompanied…

Cabal

(Encyclopedia) CabalCabalkəbălˈ [key], inner group of advisers to Charles II of England. Their initials form the word (which is, however, of older origin)—Clifford of Chudleigh, Ashley (Lord…

Royal Greenwich Observatory

(Encyclopedia) Royal Greenwich Observatory, astronomical observatory established in 1675 by Charles II of England at Greenwich and known as the Royal Observatory. It moved during 1948–57 to…

Gramont, Philibert, comte de

(Encyclopedia) Gramont, Philibert, comte deGramont, Philibert, comte defēlēbârˈ kôNt də [key]Gramont, Philibert, comte de grämôNˈ [key], 1621–1707, French courtier at the court of King Louis XIV. He…