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Baudelaire, Charles

(Encyclopedia) Baudelaire, CharlesBaudelaire, Charlesshärl bōdlârˈ [key], 1821–67, French poet and critic. His poetry, classical in form, introduced symbolism (see symbolists) by establishing…

Benjamin, Walter

(Encyclopedia) Benjamin, Walter, 1892–1940, German essayist and critic. He is known for his synthesis of eccentric Marxist theory and Jewish messianism. In particular, his essays on Charles…

Swinburne, Algernon Charles

(Encyclopedia) Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 1837–1909, English poet and critic. His poetry is noted for its vitality and for the music of its language. After attending Eton (1849–53) and Oxford (1856…

Guys, Constantin

(Encyclopedia) Guys, ConstantinGuys, Constantingois [key], 1805?–1892, French watercolorist and draftsman, b. Holland. His work was published anonymously, most frequently in the Illustrated London…

Rops, Félicien

(Encyclopedia) Rops, FélicienRops, FélicienfālēsyăNˈ rôps [key], 1833–98, Belgian painter, etcher, and lithographer. In 1857 he founded a satirical journal, Uylenspiegel, for which he made…

Montparnasse

(Encyclopedia) MontparnasseMontparnassemôNpärnäsˈ [key], quarter of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine River, centering on the intersection of the Boulevard de Montparnasse and the Boulevard…

Barbey d'Aurevilly, Jules Amédée

(Encyclopedia) Barbey d'Aurevilly, Jules AmédéeBarbey d'Aurevilly, Jules Amédéezhül ämādāˈ bärbāˈ dōrvēyēˈ [key], 1808–89, French writer and critic. An aristocrat and monarchist, he supported himself…

Symons, Arthur

(Encyclopedia) Symons, ArthurSymons, Arthursĭmˈənz [key], 1865–1945, English poet and critic. A leader of the symbolists in England, Symons interpreted French decadent poetry to the English through…

Edouard Manet

Edouard Manet was a French painter of the late 19th century, a link between realists such as European masters such as Rembrandt and modernists such as Claude Monet. The son of a magistrate, Manet…

Howard, Richard

(Encyclopedia) Howard, Richard (Richard Joseph Howard), 1929–, American poet, translator, and essayist, b. Cleveland, studied Columbia (B.A. 1951), the Sorbonne, Paris. Beginning with Quantities (…