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Nizam al-Mulk

(Encyclopedia) Nizam al-MulkNizam al-Mulknĭzˈəm äl mûlk [key], c.1018–92, vizier (1063–92) under two Seljuk (see Turks) sultans. Of Persian descent, he was early educated in administration, serving…

Islamic State

(Encyclopedia) Islamic State (IS), Sunni Islamic militant group committed to the establishment of an Islamic caliphate that would unite Muslims in a transnational, strict-fundamentalist Islamic state…

Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani

(Encyclopedia) Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani, 1932–2016, emir of Qatar (1972–95). Khalifa was the son of Hamad bin Abdullah al-Thani, the second emir's heir apparent, but Hamad died (1948) before the…

Abu al-Abbas as-Saffah

(Encyclopedia) Abu al-Abbas as-SaffahAbu al-Abbas as-Saffahäˈb&oomacr; äl-äbäsˈ äs-säfäˈ [key], d. 754, 1st Abbasid caliph (749–54). Raised to the caliphate by the armed might of Abu Muslim, he…

Al Ubayyid

(Encyclopedia) Al Ubayyid Al Ubayyid äl &oomacr;bäyĭdˈ [key] or El Obeid El Obeid ĕl ōbādˈ [key], city (2021 metropolitan area pop. 495,000), S central…

Abu al-Fida

(Encyclopedia) Abu al-FidaAbu al-Fidaäˌb&oomacr; äl-fēˈdä, –fĭdäˈ [key], 1273–1331, Arab historian, b. Damascus. He fought against the Christians in the last period of the Crusades and later…

Al-Khowarizmi

(Encyclopedia) Al-KhowarizmiAl-Khowarizmiäl-khōwärēzˈmē [key], fl. 820, Arab mathematician of the court of Mamun in Baghdad. His treatises on Hindu arithmetic and on algebra made him famous. He is…

Al Qaida

(Encyclopedia) Al Qaida: see Al Qaeda.

Qaida, Al

(Encyclopedia) Qaida, Al: see Al Qaeda.

Khalid bin Abd al-Aziz al-Saud

(Encyclopedia) Khalid bin Abd al-Aziz al-SaudKhalid bin Abd al-Aziz al-Saudkhälēdˈ ĭbˌən äbd ăl-äzēzˈ ăl-sä&oomacr;dˈ [key], 1913–82, king of Saudi Arabia (1975–82). He became king after the…