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Anderssen, Adolf

(Encyclopedia) Anderssen, Adolf (Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen), 1818–79, German chess player, b. Breslau (now Wrocław, Poland). He graduated (1847) from Breslau Univ. and later was a mathematics…

Stamma, Philip

(Encyclopedia) Stamma, Philip or Philipp, c.1705–55, Syrian-born chess pioneer. He lived in France and Italy before settling in England c.1737. There he attained a reputation as a fine chess player,…

Botvinnik, Mikhail Moiseyevich

(Encyclopedia) Botvinnik, Mikhail Moiseyevich, 1911–95, Soviet chess grandmaster, b. near St. Petersburg. He learned chess at the age of 12 and within a decade became the Soviet champion, a title he…

chess

(Encyclopedia) chess, game for two players played on a square board composed of 64 square spaces, alternately dark and light in color. London was the site of the first modern international chess…

Philidor, François-André Danican

(Encyclopedia) Philidor, François-André Danican, 1726–95, French chess player and composer, b. Dreux. The last in a line of well-known 17th- and 18th-century musicians, he was a celebrated composer,…

A Game of Chess

A Game of ChessThe Chair she sat in, like a burnished throne,[14]Glowed on the marble, where the glass Held up by standards wrought with fruited vines From which a golden Cupidon peeped out (…

Bourdonnais, Louis de la

(Encyclopedia) Bourdonnais, Louis de la (Louis-Charles Mahé de la Bourdonnais), 1795–1840, French chess player, b. La Réunion. A pupil of Alexandre Deschappelles, he defeated his mentor in 1821 and…

Capablanca, José Raúl

(Encyclopedia) Capablanca, José RaúlCapablanca, José Raúlhōsāˈ rä&oomacr;lˈ käpäblängˈkä [key], 1888–1942, Cuban chess player, b. Havana. Champion of Cuba at the age of 12, he won the world's…

Alekhine, Alexander

(Encyclopedia) Alekhine, AlexanderAlekhine, Alexanderəlyĕkhˈēn [key], 1892–1946, Russian-French chess player, b. Moscow. He became a naturalized French citizen after the Russian Revolution. At the…

artificial intelligence

(Encyclopedia) artificial intelligence (AI), the use of computers to model the behavioral aspects of human reasoning and learning. Research in AI is concentrated in some half-dozen areas. In problem…