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bond

(Encyclopedia) bond, in finance, usually a formal certificate of indebtedness issued in writing by governments or business corporations in return for loans. It bears interest and promises to pay a…

Social Security: Who Pays for the Insurance?

Both workers and their employers pay for the workers' insurance. Self-employed persons pay their own social security contributions annually along with their income tax. The rates include the cost of…

Grybauskaite, Dalia

(Encyclopedia) Grybauskaite, Dalia, 1956–, Lithuanian politician, president of Lithuania (2009–14). A member of the Communist party of the Soviet Union (1983–89) and the Communist party of Lithuania…

Ikeda, Hayato

(Encyclopedia) Ikeda, HayatoIkeda, Hayatohäyäˈtō ēkāˈdä [key], 1899–1965, Japanese political leader, prime minister (1960–64). After serving as an official in the finance ministry (1925–48) he…

Cleveland, Frederick Albert

(Encyclopedia) Cleveland, Frederick Albert, 1865–1946, American economist, b. Sterling, Ill., studied at DePauw Univ. and at the Univ. of Chicago, Ph.D. Univ. of Pennsylvania, 1900. He taught at the…

Cartwright, Sir Richard John

(Encyclopedia) Cartwright, Sir Richard John, 1835–1912, Canadian politician, b. Kingston, Ont. He was elected as a Conservative to the legislative assembly of Canada (1863) and to the first dominion…

Desai, Morarji Ranchhodji

(Encyclopedia) Desai, Morarji RanchhodjiDesai, Morarji Ranchhodjimôrärˈjē ränchōˈjē [key]Desai, Morarji Ranchhodji dĕsīˈ [key], 1896–1995, Indian political leader. He joined the government in 1956,…

Muldoon, Sir Robert David

(Encyclopedia) Muldoon, Sir Robert David, 1921–92, New Zealand political leader, prime minister (1975–84). Originally a public accountant, he entered parliament in 1960 as a member of the…

Siniora, Fouad

(Encyclopedia) Siniora, FouadSiniora, Fouadf&oomacr;ädˈ sĭnyôrˈä [key], 1943–, Lebanese business and political leader, prime minister of Lebanon, (2005–9), b. Sidon. He pursued a career in…

Takahashi, Korekiyo

(Encyclopedia) Takahashi, KorekiyoTakahashi, Korekiyokōrāˈkēō täˌkähäˈshē [key], 1854–1936, Japanese statesman and financier. Long an official of the Yokohama Specie Bank, he became its president in…