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Ibn Taymiyya, Taqiyy ad-Din Ahmad

(Encyclopedia) Ibn Taymiyya, Taqiyy ad-Din AhmadIbn Taymiyya, Taqiyy ad-Din Ahmadĭbn tīmēˈyə [key], 1263–1328, Muslim theologian and jurist. He lived in Damascus after the collapse of the central…

Ahmadiyya

(Encyclopedia) AhmadiyyaAhmadiyyaäh mə dēˈ yə [key], a contemporary messianic movement founded (1899) by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1839–1908), b. Qadiyan, the Punjab. His Barahin-i Ahmadiyya, which he…

Sufism

(Encyclopedia) SufismSufisms&oomacr;ˈfĭzəm [key], an umbrella term for the ascetic and mystical movements within Islam. While Sufism is said to have incorporated elements of Christian monasticism…

Nur ad-Din

(Encyclopedia) Nur ad-DinNur ad-Dinn&oomacr;r äd-dēn [key], 1118–74, ruler of Syria. He was the son of the conqueror Zangi, and he succeeded to power in 1145. He defeated the Seljuk Turks in Asia…

Nasir ad-Din

(Encyclopedia) Nasir ad-DinNasir ad-Dinnäˈsər äd-dēn [key], 1831?–1896, shah of Persia (1848–96). He and his able vizier, Mirza Taqi Khan, were responsible for shaking Persia from a long period of…

Chishti, Muin ad-Din Hasan

(Encyclopedia) Chishti, Muin ad-Din HasanChishti, Muin ad-Din Hasanm&oomacr;ēnˈ äd-dĭn häsänˈ chĭshˈtē [key], 1142–1236, Indian Muslim saint, b. Sistan, Persia. He founded a Sufi mystic order…

Farid ad-Din Attar

(Encyclopedia) Farid ad-Din AttarFarid ad-Din Attarfärēdˈ äd-dēn ät-tärˈ [key], 1142?–1220?, b. Nishapur, Persia, one of the greatest Sufi mystic poets of Islam. His masterpiece is the Mantiq ut-Tair…