Union of Castile and Aragón| Isabella I (of Castile), ruled jointly with Ferdinand II (of Aragón), 1474–1504 | | Ferdinand II, ruled jointly with Isabella I as Ferdinand V of Castile, 1474–1504 ruled Aragón only, 1504–16 ruled Castile as regent, 1506–16 | |
Hapsburg Dynasty| Joanna (the Mad), daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella ruled Castile only (jointly with Philip I in 1506), 1504–6 | | Philip I (the Handsome), son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I ruled Castile jointly with Joanna, 1506 | | Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V), son of Joanna and Philip, 1516–56 | | Philip II, son of Charles I, 1556–98 | | Philip III, son of Philip II, 1598–1621 | | Philip IV, son of Philip III, 1621–65 | | Charles II, son of Philip IV, 1665–1700 | |
Bourbon Dynasty| Philip V, great-grandson of Philip IV, 1700–1746 | | Ferdinand VI, son of Philip V, 1746–59 | | Charles III, younger son of Philip V, 1759–88 | | Charles IV, second son of Charles III, 1788–1808 | | Ferdinand VII, son of Charles IV, 1808 | |
French Intrusion| Joseph Bonaparte, 1808–13 | |
Bourbon Restoration| Ferdinand VII, restored, 1813–33 | | Isabella II, daughter of Ferdinand VII, 1833–68 | |
Elective Monarchy| Francisco Serrano y Domínguez, regent, 1869–70 | | Amadeus, elected by a constituent assembly, 1870–73 | |
First Republic| Estanislao Figueras, president, 1873 | | Francisco Pi y Margall, president, 1873 | | Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso, president, 1873 | | Emilio Castelar y Ripoll, prime minister, 1873–74 | |
Bourbon Restoration| Alfonso XII, son of Isabella II, 1874–85 | | Alfonso XIII, son of Alfonso XII, 1886–1931 | |
Second Republic| Niceta Alcalá Zamora, president, 1931–36 | | Manuel Azaña, president, 1936–39 | |
Nationalist Government| Francisco Franco, chief of state, 1939–75 | |
Constitutional Monarchy| Juan Carlos I, grandson of Alfonso XIII, 1975–2014 | | Philip VI, son of Juan Carlos I, 2014– | |
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