Union of Castile and AragónIsabella I (of Castile), ruled jointly with Ferdinand II (of Aragón), 1474–1504 | Ferdinand II, ruled jointly with Isabella I as Ferdinand V of Castile, 1474–1504 ruled Aragón only, 1504–16 ruled Castile as regent, 1506–16 | |
Hapsburg DynastyJoanna (the Mad), daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella ruled Castile only (jointly with Philip I in 1506), 1504–6 | Philip I (the Handsome), son of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I ruled Castile jointly with Joanna, 1506 | Charles I (Holy Roman Emperor Charles V), son of Joanna and Philip, 1516–56 | Philip II, son of Charles I, 1556–98 | Philip III, son of Philip II, 1598–1621 | Philip IV, son of Philip III, 1621–65 | Charles II, son of Philip IV, 1665–1700 | |
Bourbon DynastyPhilip V, great-grandson of Philip IV, 1700–1746 | Ferdinand VI, son of Philip V, 1746–59 | Charles III, younger son of Philip V, 1759–88 | Charles IV, second son of Charles III, 1788–1808 | Ferdinand VII, son of Charles IV, 1808 | |
French IntrusionJoseph Bonaparte, 1808–13 | |
Bourbon RestorationFerdinand VII, restored, 1813–33 | Isabella II, daughter of Ferdinand VII, 1833–68 | |
Elective MonarchyFrancisco Serrano y Domínguez, regent, 1869–70 | Amadeus, elected by a constituent assembly, 1870–73 | |
First RepublicEstanislao Figueras, president, 1873 | Francisco Pi y Margall, president, 1873 | Nicolás Salmerón y Alonso, president, 1873 | Emilio Castelar y Ripoll, prime minister, 1873–74 | |
Bourbon RestorationAlfonso XII, son of Isabella II, 1874–85 | Alfonso XIII, son of Alfonso XII, 1886–1931 | |
Second RepublicNiceta Alcalá Zamora, president, 1931–36 | Manuel Azaña, president, 1936–39 | |
Nationalist GovernmentFrancisco Franco, chief of state, 1939–75 | |
Constitutional MonarchyJuan Carlos I, grandson of Alfonso XIII, 1975–2014 | Philip VI, son of Juan Carlos I, 2014– | |