Dynasties of Ancient EgyptOld Kingdom (or Old Empire)Dynasty | Years | Famous Rulers |
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I | 3110–2884 B.C. | Menes | II | 2884–2780 B.C. | | III | 2780–2680 B.C. | Snefru | IV | 2680–2565 B.C. | Khufu (Cheops), Khafre, Menkaure. Age of the great pyramids. | V | 2565–2420 B.C. | | VI | 2420–2258 B.C. | Pepi I, Pepi II | |
First Intermediate PeriodVII, VIII | 2258–2225 B.C. | An obscure period. | IX, X | 2225–2134 B.C. | Capital at Heracleopolis. | XI | 2134–c.2000 B.C. | Capital at Thebes. | |
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Second Intermediate PeriodXIII–XVII | 1786–1570 B.C. | The Hyksos. An obscure period. | |
New Kingdom (or New Empire)XVIII | 1570–c.1342 B.C. | Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Hatshepsut (with Thutmose II initially), Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV (Ikhnaton), Tutankhamen | XIX | c.1342–1200 B.C. | Horemheb, Ramses I, Seti I, Ramses II, Merneptah, Seti II | XX | 1200–1085 B.C. | Ramses III with Tiy. New Kingdom declines. | XXI | 1085–945 B.C. | Tanite dynasty (capital at Tanis). | XXII | 945–745 B.C. | Sheshonk I. Libyan dynasty (capital at Bubastis). | XXIII | 745–718 B.C. | Nubian dynasty with invasion of Piankhi (capital at Bubastis). | XXIV | 718–712 B.C. | Saïte dynasty (capital at Saïs). | XXV | 712–663 B.C. | Taharka. Assyrian invasions begin foreign domination. | XXVI | 663–525 B.C. | Psamtik, Necho, Apries, Amasis II (capital at Saïs). | XXVII | 525–405 B.C. | The Achaemenids of Persia in control. Cambyses II to Darius II. Egypt revolts. | XXVIII–XXX | 405–332 B.C. | Nekhtnebf, Nekhtharheb. Last native dynasties, ending with conquest by Alexander the Great. Capital at Saïs, then at Mendes, then at Sebennytos. | |
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