August 16, 1906
The men of the Niagara Movement coming from the toil of the year's
hard work and pausing a moment from the earning of their daily bread turn
toward the nation and again ask again, in the name of ten million, the
privilege of a hearing.
In the past year the work of the Negro-hater has flourished in the
land. Step by step the defenders of the rights of American citizens have
retreated. The work of stealing the black man's ballot has progressed and
the fifty and more representatives of stolen votes still sit in the nation's
capital. Discrimination in travel and public accommodation has so spread
that some of our weaker brethren are actually afraid to thunder against
color discrimination as such and are simply whispering for ordinary
decencies. Against this the Niagara Movement eternally protests. We will not
be satisfied to take one jot or tittle less than our full manhood
rights!
We claim for ourselves every single right that belongs to a freeborn
American, political, civil and social; and until we get these rights we will
never cease to protest and assail the ears of America! The battle we wage is
not for ourselves alone but for all true Americans. It is a fight for
ideals, lest this, our common fatherland, false to its founding, become in
truth, the land of the thief and the home of the slave, a byword and a
hissing among the nations for its sounding pretensions and pitiful
accomplishments.
Never before in the modern age has a great and civilized folk
threatened to adopt so cowardly a creed in the treatment of its fellow
citizens born and bred on it soil. Stripped of verbiage and subterfuge and
in its naked nastiness, the new American creed says: "Fear to let black men
even try to rise lest they become the equals of the white." And this is the
land that professes to follow Jesus Christ! The blasphemy of such a course
is only matched by its cowardice.
In detail, our demands are clear and unequivocal. First, we would
vote; with the right to vote goes everything: freedom, manhood, the honor of
your wives, the chastity of your daughters, the right to work, and the
chance to rise, and let no man listen to those who deny this.
We want full manhood suffrage, and we want it now, henceforth and
forever!
Second. We want discrimination in public accommodation to cease.
Separation in railway and street cars, based simply on race and color, is
un-American, undemocratic, and silly.
Third. We claim the right of freemen to walk, talk, and be with them
that wish to be with us. No man has a right to choose another man's friends,
and to attempt to do so is an impudent interference with the most
fundamental human privilege.
Fourth. We want the laws enforced against rich as well as poor;
against capitalist as well as laborer; against white as well as black. We
are not more lawless than the white race: We are more often arrested,
convicted and mobbed. We want Congress to take charge of Congressional
elections. We want the Fourteenth Amendment carried out to the letter and
every state disfranchised in Congress which attempts to disfranchise its
rightful voters. We want the Fifteenth Amendment enforced and no state
allowed to base its franchise simply on color.
The failure of the Republican Party in Congress at the session just
closed to redeem its pledge...to suffrage conditions in the South seems a
plain, deliberate, and premeditated breach of promise, and stamps that Party
as guilty of obtaining votes under false pretense.
Fifth. We want our children educated. The school system in the country
districts of the South is a disgrace, and in few towns and cities are the
Negro schools what they ought to be. We want the national government to step
in and wipe out illiteracy in the South. Either the United States will
destroy ignorance, or ignorance will destroy the United States.
And when we call for education we mean real education. We believe in
work. We ourselves are workers, but work is not necessarily education.
Education is the development of power and ideal. We want our children
trained as intelligent human beings should be, and we will fight for all
time against any proposal to educate black boys and girls simply as servants
and underlings, or simply for the use of other people. They have a right to
know, to think, to aspire.
These are some of the chief things which we want. How shall we get
them? By voting where we may vote, by persistent, unceasing agitation, by
hammering at the truth, by sacrifice and work.
We do not believe in violence, neither in the despised violence of the
raid nor the lauded violence of the soldier, nor the barbarous of the mob,
but we do believe in John Brown, in that incarnate spirit of justice, that
hatred of a lie, that willingness to sacrifice money, reputation, and life
itself on the altar of right. And here on the scene of John Brown's
martyrdom, we reconsecrate ourselves, our honor, our property to the final
emancipation of the race which John Brown died to make free.
Our enemies, triumphant for the present, are fighting the stars in
their courses. Justice and humanity must prevail. We live to tell these dark
brothers of ours--scattered in counsel, wavering, and weak--that no bribe of
money or notoriety, no promise of wealth or fame, is worth the surrender of
a people's manhood or the loss of a man's self-respect. We refuse to
surrender the leadership of this race to cowards and trucklers. We are men;
we will be treated as men. On this rock we have planted our banners. We will
never give up, though the trump of doom finds us still fighting.
And we shall win! The past promised it. The present foretells it.
Thank God for John Brown. Thank God for Garrison and Douglass, Sumner and
Phillips, Nat Turner and Robert Gould Shaw, and all the hallowed dead who
died for freedom. Thank God for all those today, few though their voices be,
who have not forgotten the divine brotherhood of all men, white and black,
rich and poor, fortunate and unfortunate.
We appeal to the young men and women of this nation, to those whose
nostrils are not yet befouled by greed and snobbery and racial narrowness:
Stand up for the right, prove yourselves worthy of your heritage and,
whether born North or South, dare to treat men as men. Cannot the nation
that has absorbed ten-million foreigners into its political life without
catastrophe absorb ten-million Negro Americans into that same political life
at less cost than their unjust and illegal exclusion will involve?
Courage, brothers! The battle for humanity is not lost or losing. All
across the skies sit signs of promise! [DuBois points skyward.] The Slav is
rising in his might, the yellow millions are tasting liberty, the black
Africans are writhing toward the light, and everywhere the laborer, with
ballot in his hand, is voting open the gates of opportunity and
peace.
The morning breaks over blood-stained hills. We must not falter, we
may not shrink.
Above are the everlasting stars.
